Ruwan iskar gas na halitta tsari ne na ƙarancin zafin jiki

Ruwan iskar gas na halitta tsari ne na ƙarancin zafin jiki. Iskar gas mai tsabta tana shiga cikin na'urar musayar zafi don sanyaya ƙasa da zafin jiki, danshi da ƙarancin sanyaya, tana rage matsin lamba da rage matsin lamba a zafin - 160 ~ 165 ℃, sannan ta shiga cikin tankin ajiya na LNG.
Alaƙar da ke tsakanin zafi da zafin jiki na sanyaya iskar gas, danshi da kuma rashin sanyaya iskar gas kamar haka:
1) Nau'ikan zagayowar sanyaya
Domin a fitar da iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli, dole ne a cire zafi da ke cikin tsarin sanyaya iskar gas, daskarewa da kuma sanyaya iskar supercooling, wato, ana buƙatar ƙarfin sanyaya da ya dace don musanya shi.
Tsarin sanyaya da aka sanya a cikin tsarin fitar da ruwa shine don sanya mai musayar zafi ya cimma mafi ƙarancin bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi, don samun ingantaccen sanyaya.
Tsarin sanyaya iskar gas ya tsufa sosai, kuma hanyoyin da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da:
Matakin sake zagayowar sanyaya
Zagayen sanyaya na firiji iri-iri
Tsarin sanyaya firiji mai gauraye da Precooling
Tsarin faɗaɗawa da zagayawa mai sanyi
2) Zagayen sanyaya matakai
An fara amfani da zagayen sanyaya matakan ne a kan kayayyakin iskar gas mai ruwa-ruwa a shekarar 1939. An sanya shi a Cleveland da ke Amurka, inda aka yi amfani da NH3 da C2H4 a matsayin na'urorin sanyaya na mataki na farko da na biyu.
A mataki na farko, ana amfani da propane ko Freon a matsayin mai sanyaya iska. Ana sanyaya iskar gas mai tsabta zuwa - 35 ~ - 40 ℃ a cikin mai sanyaya propane ko Freon. Bayan raba manyan hydrocarbons a sama da pentane, yana shiga mataki na biyu don sanyaya iskar gas ta propane da aka fitar daga mai sanyaya propane ana matsa ta hanyar matse iskar gas ta compressor, sannan a sake sanyaya ta bayan sanyaya ta hanyar mai sanyaya ruwa, sannan a sake amfani da ita zuwa mai sanyaya propane.
A mataki na biyu, ana amfani da ethane ko ethylene a matsayin mai sanyaya iska, sannan ana sanyaya iskar gas ta halitta zuwa - 90 ~ - 100 ℃ a mataki na biyu sannan a zuba ruwa a mataki na uku don sanyaya iskar gas din. Bayan matsi da sanyaya ruwa, ana sanyaya iskar gas din da aka fitar daga ethane ko ethylene a zuba ruwa a cikin mai sanyaya propane sannan a sake amfani da ita zuwa mai sanyaya ethane ko ethylene.
A mataki na uku, ana amfani da methane a matsayin mai sanyaya iska. Ana sanyaya iskar gas mai narkewa zuwa - 150 ~ - 160 ℃ a cikin mai sanyaya methane, sannan a rage matsin lamba ta hanyar bawul ɗin matsewa. Bayan zafin ya ragu zuwa - 162 ℃, ana tura shi zuwa tankin ajiya na LNG. Iskar da aka fitar daga mai sanyaya methane ana matse ta a sanyaya ta ruwa, a sanyaya ta a cikin mai sanyaya propane, a sakaya ta a cikin mai sanyaya ethane ko ethylene, sannan a sake amfani da ita zuwa mai sanyaya methane.
Tsarin sanyaya matakan gargajiya ya ƙunshi matakai da dama na sanyaya masu zaman kansu da haɗin kai. Tunda galibi ana matse na'urar sanyaya ta hanyar matsewa mai matakai da yawa, a kowane mataki na sanyaya, na'urar sanyaya za ta iya ƙafewa ƙarƙashin matsin lamba da dama kuma a raba ta zuwa matakan zafin jiki da dama don sanyaya iskar gas ta halitta, kuma na'urar sanyaya da ke ƙafewa ƙarƙashin kowane matsin lamba ta shiga matakin matsewa da ya dace don matsawa. A kowane mataki na sanyaya, na'urar sanyaya kawai ta bambanta, kuma tsarin aiki iri ɗaya ne.
Fa'idodin zagayowar sanyaya matakai sune:
① Ƙarancin amfani da makamashi;
② Na'urar sanyaya iska tana da tsabta kuma ba ta da matsala ta daidaitawa;
③ Fasaha mai girma da aiki mai karko
Rashin kyawun zagayowar sanyaya matakai sune:
① Akwai raka'a da yawa kuma tsarin yana da rikitarwa;
② Akwai kayan aiki masu taimako da yawa, kuma ya kamata a sami kayan aiki na musamman wajen samarwa da adana nau'ikan na'urorin sanyaya daki iri-iri;
③ Tsarin bututun mai da tsarin sarrafawa suna da rikitarwa kuma ba su da sauƙin kulawa