Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻaila maka a me ke kinoea kūlohelohe he ʻaila. ʻO ka ʻaila maka he ʻāpana hydrocarbon kaumaha wale nō i hoʻokumu kūlohelohe ʻia i ke ʻano wai, ʻoiai ʻo ke kinoea kūlohelohe he ʻāpana hydrocarbon māmā e kū nei i ke ʻano kinoea. ʻO ke kinoea kūlohelohe mai ka lua kinoea ua kapa ʻia he kinoea lua kinoea, a ʻo ke kinoea kūlohelohe i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka ʻaila maka mai ka lua ʻaila ua kapa ʻia he kinoea pili.
ʻO ke kinoea kūlohelohe kahi hui ʻana o nā kinoea hydrocarbon, nona hoʻi ka wai a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ia me ke kalapona, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen a me nā mea trace, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kalapona a me ka hydrogen, me ke kalapona e helu ana no 65% - 80% a me ka hydrogen e helu ana no 12% - 20%. He ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke kinoea kūlohelohe i hana ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke ʻano o ke kinoea kūlohelohe i hana ʻia e ʻelua mau lua like ʻole ma ka waihona like, Me ke ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahua aila, e loli pū ke ʻano o ke kinoea kūlohelohe i hana ʻia e ka lua like.
ʻO ka methane ka hydrocarbon nui i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe, a loaʻa pū kekahi iā ia ka ethane, propane, butane, pentane, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hexane, heptane a me nā kinoea kaumaha ʻē aʻe.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kinoea kūlohelohe
ʻEkolu mau ʻano hoʻokaʻawale no ke kinoea kūlohelohe
(1) Wahi a nā ʻano o nā waihona mineral, ua māhele nui ʻia i ke kinoea luawai kinoea a me ke kinoea pili.
Kinoea pili: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka ʻaila maka e nā luawai ʻaila.
Luawai kinoea: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe mai ka luawai kinoea.
(2) Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hydrocarbon o ke kinoea kūlohelohe (ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka nui o ka hydrocarbon wai i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kinoea maloʻo, ke kinoea pulu, ke kinoea ʻōpiopio a me ke kinoea momona.
ʻAno wehewehe C5 — ka māhele ʻana o ke kinoea maloʻo a me ke kinoea pulu
Kinoea maloʻo: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe me ka nui o ka wai hydrocarbon kaumaha ma luna o C5 (pentane) a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me nā waiwai haʻahaʻa ma mua o 13.5 cubic centimeter i loko o 1 mika cubic maʻamau o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.
Kinoea pulu: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe me ka nui o ka wai hydrocarbon ma luna o C5 ma mua o 13.5 cubic centimeter i loko o 1 mika cubic maʻamau o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.
ʻAno wehewehe C3 - ka mahele ʻana o ke kinoea ʻilihune a me ke kinoea waiwai
ʻO ke kinoea lean: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe me ka nui o ka wai hydrocarbon ma luna o C3 ma lalo o 94 cubic centimeter i loko o 1 mika cubic maʻamau o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.
Kinoea momona: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe me ka nui o ka wai hydrocarbon ma luna o C3 ma mua o 94 cubic centimeter i loko o 1 mika cubic maʻamau o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.
(3) Wahi a ka nui o ke kinoea ʻakika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kinoea kūlohelohe i ke kinoea ʻakika a me ke kinoea maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ke kinoea kūlohelohe ʻawaʻawa: pili i ke kinoea kūlohelohe e loaʻa ana ka nui o ka sulfide, carbon dioxide a me nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa ʻē aʻe, pono e mālama ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ke kūlana halihali pipeline a i ʻole ka helu kuhikuhi maikaʻi o ke kinoea waiwai.
Kinoea maʻemaʻe: pili i ke kinoea me ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe sulfide o loko, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu aku a hoʻohana ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-21-2021