1, Tātaritanga o te whanaketanga o ngā waka hau māori o te ao
（1） Te whakawhanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā waka hau māori o te ao
Mai i te putanga mai o te waka CNG tuatahi o te ao i te tau 1931, i muri i te neke atu i te 60 tau, kua eke te maha o ngā waka hau māori o te ao ki te 1 miriona i te tau 1997. Mai i taua wā, kua uru ngā waka hau māori ki tētahi wā whanaketanga tere.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga a te International Association of natural gas vehicles (IANGV), ko te maha o ngā waka hau māori o te ao kaihanga hau māori I eke ngā waka me ngā teihana whakakī ki te 11.356 miriona (neke atu i te 10 miriona mō te wā tuatahi) me te 16513 i te tau 2009; I te tau 2012, i eke ki te 16.733 miriona waka me te 21292 nohoanga, he pikinga ake o te 47.3% me te 28.9% i te tau 2009, me te tipu toharite ā-tau o te 13.8% me te 8.8% ia.
I te tau 2103, ka piki te tapeke o ngā waka hau māori o te ao ki te 18.09 miriona, ā, 15.55 miriona o ēnei i roto i ngā whenua tekau o runga, e 86% o te tapeke o te ao. E ai ki te matapae a IANGV, i te tau 2020, ka eke te maha o ngā waka hau māori o te ao ki te 65 miriona.
（2） Ngā āhuatanga o te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā waka hau māori i te ao
1. Ko ngā waka pāhihi te nuinga o ngā waka hau māori o te ao.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga a gvR, i te tau 2012, e 15.8751 miriona ngā motuka me ngā taraka mama i roto i ngā waka hau māori o te ao, e 92.13% te nui; e 703900 ngā pahi waenga me te taumaha, e 4.09% te nui; e 36.88 ngā taraka waenga me te taumaha, e 2.14% te nui; e 282600 ētahi atu waka, e 1.64% te nui.
Ka taea te whakatau ko te hanganga matua o ngā waka hau māori o te ao ko ngā motuka, tae atu ki ngā tekesi, ā, muri iho ko ngā pahi. Nā te maha me te whakatakotoranga o ngā teihana penehīni, he torutoru noa iho ngā pahi tawhiti.
2. Ko ngā waka hau māori te nuinga o te wā e kohikohia ana ki ngā whenua whakawhanake.
Ko te taumata hangarau o ngā whenua whakawhanake i roto i te mara o ngā waka hau māori he mea whakaroa i muri i ngā whenua whakawhanake, engari kei mua tonu tōna rongonuitanga me tōna whakamahinga.
Ko ngā whenua tekau o runga rawa o te ao e pupuri ana i ngā waka hau māori i te tau 2013 he whenua whakawhanake katoa engari ko Itari; ko te katoa o ngā whenua whakawhanake e iwa he 14.73 miriona waka hau māori, e 81.43% o te katoa o te ao e pupuri ana; Ina koa, ko ngā whenua e rima o runga rawa (Irāna, Pakitāne, Argentina, Brazil me Haina) he 11.9 miriona waka hau māori, e 65.78% o te katoa o te ao.
Ko te nuinga o ngā waka o te ao e whakamahia ana i ngā whenua whakawhanake, engari ko te nuinga o ngā waka hau māori e whakamahia ana i ngā whenua whakawhanake. E whakaatu ana tēnei he nui ake te hiranga me te tono a ngā whenua whakawhanake mō ngā waka hau māori i ngā whenua whakawhanake.
3. Ko Āhia me Amerika ki te Tonga ngā whenua e tere rawa ana te whanaketanga o ngā waka hau māori.
I ahu mai te whanaketanga o ngā waka hau māori i Ūropi i te tekau tau atu i 1930. I te nuinga o te wā, i uru mai ngā rohe o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me Amerika ki te Tonga i waenganui i ngā tekau tau atu i 1960 ki 1980, ā, i tere ake te whanaketanga i te tīmatanga o te rautau 21, engari i ahu mai rātou i muri.
I te tau 2013, i roto i ngā whenua tekau o runga rawa atu o te ao e pupuri ana i ngā waka hau māori, e ono ngā whenua o te rohe o Āhia me te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (Īrāna, Pakitāne, Haina, Īnia, Uzbekistan me Thailand) he 10.24 miriona ngā waka, e 56.6% o te katoa o te ao; e 4.49 miriona ngā waka i roto i ngā whenua e toru o Amerika ki te Tonga (Āketina, Brazil me Colombia), e 24.8% o te katoa o te ao.
4. He matatau te hangarau waka hau māori o ngā whenua whakawhanake, ā, he tawhito hoki te mana pupuri waka.
Hei tauira, kei te Hononga o Amerika, o Kānata, o Tiamana, o Hapani me ētahi atu whenua ngā hangarau R&D me te hanga matatau o te ao mō ngā waka hau māori, ngā miihini hau māori, ngā teihana whakakī me ētahi atu taputapu, engari he iti noa iho te maha o ngā waka hau māori.
E ai ki ngā tatauranga a IANGV, ko te maha o ngā waka hau māori, ngā teihana whakakī hau me ngā waka hau māori o te ao i te tau 2012 i tū ki te 18 o ngā whenua i te United States me ngā waka 127735 me ngā nohoanga 1120; ko Tiamana te 19 me ngā waka 95498 me ngā nohoanga 915; ko Hapani te 24 me ngā waka 42590 me ngā nohoanga 314; ko Kānata te 29 me ngā waka 12500 me ngā nohoanga 47.
He rerekē te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā waka hau māori i roto i ngā whenua o te ao, engari e rua ngā āhuatanga e kitea ana: tuatahi, ko te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o ngā waka hau māori e pā tata ana ki ngā kaupapa here putea, taake me te utu hau māori i whakatinanahia e te kāwanatanga. Mena he kaha, he piri hoki ki ngā kaupapa here whakatenatena, ka tere te whanaketanga o ngā waka hau māori; ki te kore e taupatupatu te kaupapa here whakatenatena, ka rerekē te whanaketanga o ngā waka hau māori.
Ki te ngoikore, ki te mutu rānei te kaupapa here whakatenatena, ka uaua te whakawhanake i ngā waka hau māori, ka iti haere rānei, ka tūpono rānei. Tuarua, ka aro nui ngā whenua katoa ki ngā pahi me ngā tekesi hau māori.
Whakapā mai ki a mātou:
Te Kamupene Taputapu Aunoatanga Hengzhong o Sichuan
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Wā tuku: Pipiri-19-2022