He tukanga pāmahana-iti te whakarewanga o te hau māori. Ka tomo te hau māori mata kua purea ki te whakawhiti wera hei whakamatao i te pāmahana-iti, hei whakatōtō me te whakamatao i raro iho, ka whakaitihia te pehanga me te whakaheke i te pāmahana i waenganui i te –160 ~ 165 ℃, ā, ka tomo ki te tāke rokiroki LNG.
Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te wera me te pāmahana o te whakamatao hau māori, te hauhautanga me te whakamatao iti koia tēnei:
1) Ngā momo huringa whakamatao
Hei whakawaiwai i te hau māori, me tango te wera o te hau māori, te hauhautanga me te hauhautanga nui, arā, me whakamahi te kaha whakamatao e rite ana hei whakawhiti ki taua mea.
Ko te pūnaha pouaka whakamātao e rite ana ki te tukanga waimeha he mea hei whakarite kia tutuki i te whakawhiti wera te rerekētanga pāmahana iti rawa i waenga i te rere makariri me te rere wera, kia whiwhi ai i te pai o te pouaka whakamātao.
Kua tino pakari te pūnaha whakamatao mō te whakapūtanga hau māori, ā, ko ngā tukanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
Huringa whakamatao taahiraa
Te huringa whakamatao hauhautanga whakaranu
Te huringa whakamatao hauhautanga whakaranu me te Whakamatao-mua
Te huringa makariri o te tikanga whakawhānui
2) Huringa whakamatao taahiraa
I whakamahia tuatahitia te huringa whakamatao taahiraa ki ngā hua hau māori wai i te tau 1939. I tāutahia ki Cleveland i te Hononga o Amerika, mā te whakamahi i te NH3 me te C2H4 hei whakamatao wāhanga tuatahi me te tuarua.
I te wāhanga tuatahi, ka whakamahia te propane, te Freon rānei hei hau whakamatao. Ka whakamataohia te hau maori kua purea ki te – 35 ~ – 40 ℃ i roto i te pouaka whakamatao propane, Freon rānei. I muri i te wehenga o ngā warowaihā taumaha i runga ake i te pentane, ka uru atu ki te wāhanga tuarua mō te whakamatao. Ko te hau propane i mimiti mai i te pouaka whakamatao propane ka pēhia e te compressor, ka wai anō i muri i te whakamatao e te pouaka whakamatao wai, ā, ka hangarua ki te pouaka whakamatao propane.
I te wāhanga tuarua, ka whakamahia te ethane, te ethylene rānei hei whakamatao, ā, ka whakamataohia te hau māori ki te – 90 ~ – 100 ℃ i te wāhanga tuarua, ā, ka rewa ki te wāhanga tuatoru hei whakamatao. I muri i te pēhanga me te whakamatao wai, ka whakamataohia te hau i mimiti mai i te ethane, i te ethylene rānei, ka rewa ki roto i te whakamatao propane, ā, ka hangarua ki te ethane, ki te ethylene rānei.
I te tuatoru o ngā wāhanga, ka whakamahia te methane hei whakamatao. Ka whakamataohia te hau māori kua waikura ki te – 150 ~ – 160 ℃ i roto i te pouaka whakamatao methane, kātahi ka whakahekehia te pēhanga mā te takirere whakatere. Kia heke te pāmahana ki te – 162 ℃, ka papua ki te tāke rokiroki LNG. Ka pēhangahia te hau i mimiti mai i te pouaka whakamatao methane, ka whakamataohia ki te wai, ka whakamataohia ki te pouaka whakamatao propane, ka waikurahia ki te pouaka whakamatao ethane, ethylene rānei, ā, ka hangarua ki te pouaka whakamatao methane.
Kei roto i te huringa whakamatao matarohia ētahi wāhanga whakamatao motuhake, hono hoki. Nā te mea ka pēhia te hauhautanga e te compressor maha-wāhanga, i ia wāhanga whakamatao, ka taea e te hauhautanga te mimiti i raro i ngā pēhanga maha, ka wehea ki ētahi taumata pāmahana hei whakamatao i te hau māori, ā, ka uru te hauhautanga kua mimiti i raro i ia pēhanga ki te wāhanga compressor e rite ana mō te pēhanga. I ia wāhanga whakamatao, ko te hauhautanga anake te rerekē, ā, he rite tonu te tukanga whakahaere.
Ko ngā painga o te huringa whakamatao taahiraa ko:
① He iti te whakamahinga pūngao;
② He parakore te hauhautanga, ā, kāore he raruraru i te taurite;
③ Hangarau pakari me te mahi pumau
Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te huringa whakamatao taahiraa ko:
① He maha ngā waeine, ā, he uaua te tukanga;
② He maha ngā taputapu āwhina, ā, me whai taputapu motuhake ki te whakaputa me te penapena i ngā momo hauhautanga;
③ He uaua, he uaua hoki te tiaki i te paipa me te pūnaha whakahaere
Wā tuku: Hepetema-26-2021