Munzira ipi zvayo yekugadzira syngas, chinhu chakakosha pakushandisa kufambira mberi kwekuchinja kwegasi remvura kuti CO ive hydrogen.
Kuita uku kunoitika se exothermic reaction inodzoserwa. Kana tembiricha yakakwira, ndiko kunoderedza kuchinja kwe equilibrium. Panguva imwe chete, kuita uku kunowanzoita catalytic reaction. Kana pasina catalyst, zvinonetsa kuita pa700. Kana paine catalyst, tembiricha ye reaction inodzikira zvikuru. Kana uchishandisa high temperature shift catalyst, tembiricha ye reaction i300 ~ 500 ° C; Kana catalyst ye low temperature shift ikashandiswa, tembiricha ye reaction i200-400 ° C (tafura 22). Nekuti reaction i isomolecular reaction, pressure haina simba pa reaction equilibrium, asi kushanda kwepressure kunogona kuvandudza production intensity uye reaction rate.
Pakutanga kwekuita, maitiro acho ari kure nemuganhu we equilibrium uye anodzorwa ne kinetics. Kuwedzera tembiricha kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya reaction rate uye kuvandudza mashandiro e process. Padanho rekupedzisira re reaction, kushandurwa kwemaitiro acho kunogumira ne thermodynamic equilibrium. Kushandurwa kwe thermodynamic equilibrium pakupisa kwakanyanya kwakaderera. Naizvozvo, padanho rekupedzisira re reaction, kushanda kwetembiricha yakaderera kunofanirwa kugamuchirwa kuti kunatsiridze kushandurwa kweCO. Hunhu hwe thermodynamic uye kinetic hwemaitiro acho hunoratidza kuti maitiro ekushandura CO anofanira kushandisa mashandiro ekuchinja tembiricha.
Pakutanga kwekuita, maitiro acho ari kure nemuganhu we equilibrium uye anodzorwa ne kinetics. Kuwedzera tembiricha kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya reaction rate uye kuvandudza mashandiro e process. Padanho rekupedzisira re reaction, kushandurwa kwemaitiro acho kunogumira ne thermodynamic equilibrium. Kushandurwa kwe thermodynamic equilibrium pakupisa kwakanyanya kwakaderera. Naizvozvo, padanho rekupedzisira re reaction, kushanda kwetembiricha yakaderera kunofanirwa kugamuchirwa kuti kunatsiridze kushandurwa kweCO. Hunhu hwe thermodynamic uye kinetic hwemaitiro acho hunoratidza kuti maitiro ekushandura CO anofanira kushandisa mashandiro ekuchinja tembiricha.
Nekuda kwekudziviswa kwekuwirirana kwekuita, kunyangwe CO ichishandurwa zvakanyanya mushure mekushandurwa kwegesi remvura rinopisa zvishoma, huwandu hwayo huchiri kusvika 1%, izvo zvisingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemaitiro mazhinji anotevera. Muindasitiri, inowanzo bviswa nemamwe maitiro emakemikari. Kuoxidation kweCO neO2 kana paine huwandu hwakawanda hwehydrogen inogadzira CO2, uye hydrogen neO2 zviri nyorewo kuita. Naizvozvo, maitiro acho anoenderana zvakanyanya nekupisa kwekuita uye rudzi rwecatalyst [29301].
Imwe nzira yeindasitiri ndeye hydrogenation yeCO2 nehuwandu hwakawanda hwehydrogen huripo zvakananga pa nickel based catalyst kuti igadzire methane.
Mushure mekushandurwa kwegasi remvura uye kubviswa kweCO2, zvikamu zvikuru zvegasi zvinova H2 neCO2. Muindasitiri yeammonia yakagadzirwa, CO2 inofanira kutanga yaparadzaniswa. CO2 iyi inogona kuramba ichiita seyakafanana neammonia inogadzirwa nehydrogen muchikamu chinotevera kugadzira ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate kana urea nedzimwe fetereza dzemakemikari kuti CO2 ishandiswe zvakanyanya. Mukuita uku, tekinoroji yekuparadzanisa CO2 neH2 inonyanya kuve nechokwadi chekuti CO2 inogona kushandiswazve.
Pakushandiswa kwehydrogen senge maproton membrane fuel cells, hydrogen chete ndiyo inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo cheCO2. CO2 inova mweya usingabatsiri, izvo zvingada kubatanidzwa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchera mineralization (dzakadai sekugadzirwa kwecalcium carbonate yemhando yechikafu).
Zvisinei, mumaitiro ese ekupatsanurwa kweCO2, inzira iri nani yekushandisa organic amine kana methanol kuti itore CO2. Kunyanya mukuita kwekutorwa kweCO2 nemethanol patembiricha yakaderera, kunyungudika kwemagasi mazhinji kuchawedzera patembiricha yakaderera. Kunyungudika kwehydrogen chete hakugumiri patembiricha, uye kana tembiricha yakaderera, kunyungudika kunoderedza. Inoratidza sarudzo yakanaka yekupatsanurwa kweH2.
Mukuita kuti CO2 idzoke, muchitarisira kudzivirira kukuvara kwehydrogen, edzai kudzivirira kushandisa ma reagents anodhura (akadai se caustic soda) anogona kusangana zvakasimba neCO2, kuitira kuti muve nechokwadi chekuti hupfumi hwenyaya iyi huri kushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2021