1, Tlhahlobo ea nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng ka bophara
（1） Ntlafatso le ts'ebeliso ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho tsa lefats'e
Ho tloha ha koloi ea pele ea CNG lefatšeng e lokolloa ka 1931, kamora lilemo tse fetang 60, palo ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng ka bophara e fihlile ho milione e le 'ngoe ka 1997. Ho tloha ka nako eo, likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho li kene nakong ea nts'etsopele e potlakileng.
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Likoloi tsa Khase ea Tlhaho (IANGV), palo ea lefats'e ka bophara ea jenereithara ea khase ea tlhaho Likoloi le liteishene tsa ho tlatsa peterole li fihlile ho limilione tse 11.356 (tse fetang limilione tse 10 ka lekhetlo la pele) le tse 16513 ka 2009; Ka 2012, e fihlile ho likoloi tse limilione tse 16.733 le litulo tse 21292, e leng keketseho ea 47.3% le 28.9% ho feta 2009, ka karolelano ea kholo ea selemo le selemo ea 13.8% le 8.8% ka ho latellana.
Ka 2103, palo yohle ya dikoloi tsa khase ya tlhaho lefatsheng e ile ya eketseha ho fihla ho dimilione tse 18.09, tseo ho tsona dimilione tse 15.55 di neng di le dinaheng tse leshome tse hodimo, tse etsang 86% ya kakaretso ya lefatshe. Ho ya ka ponelopele ya IANGV, ka 2020, palo ya dikoloi tsa khase ya tlhaho lefatsheng e tla fihla ho dimilione tse 65.
(2) Litšobotsi tsa nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng
1. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng ka bophara ke likoloi tsa bapalami.
Ho ya ka dipalopalo tsa gvR, ka 2012, ho ne ho ena le dikoloi le diteraka tse bobebe tse dimilione tse 15.8751 dikoloing tsa kgase ya tlhaho tsa lefatshe, tse etsang 92.13%; dibese tse mahareng le tse boima tse 703900, tse etsang 4.09%; diteraka tse mahareng le tse boima tse 36.88, tse etsang 2.14%; dikoloi tse ding tse 282600, tse etsang 1.64%.
Ho ka fihlellwa qetong ya hore sebopeho se seholo sa dikoloi tsa kgase ya tlhaho lefatsheng ka bophara ke dikoloi haholoholo, ho kenyeletswa le ditekesi, tse latelwang ke dibese. Kaha di lekanyeditswe ka palo le sebopeho sa diteishene tsa peterole, ho na le dibese tse mmalwa tse tsamayang maeto a malelele.
2. Likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho li shebane haholo-holo linaheng tse tsoelang pele.
Boemo ba botekgeniki ba dinaha tse ntseng di tswela pele lefapheng la dikoloi tsa kgase ya tlhaho hangata bo saletse morao ho ba dinaha tse tswetseng pele, empa botumo ba yona le tshebediso ya yona di ntse di le pele.
Linaha tse 10 tse holimo tse nang le likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2013 kaofela ke linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ntle le Italy; Linaha tse robong tse ntseng li tsoela pele li na le likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho tse limilione tse 14.73, tse etsang 81.43% ea beng bohle ba lefats'e; Haholo-holo, linaha tse hlano tse holimo (Iran, Pakistan, Argentina, Brazil le Chaena) li na le likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho tse limilione tse 11.9, tse etsang 65.78% ea kakaretso ea lefats'e.
Bongata bohle ba likoloi tsa lefats'e bo shebane haholo le linaha tse tsoetseng pele, empa boholo ba likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho bo shebane haholo le linaha tse tsoelang pele. Sena se bontša hore linaha tse tsoelang pele li amahanya le tlhoko ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho le bohlokoa bo boholo ho feta linaha tse tsoetseng pele.
3. Asia Pacific le Amerika Boroa li na le nts'etsopele e potlakileng ka ho fetisisa ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho.
Ntlafatso ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho e simolohile Europe lilemong tsa bo-1930. Libaka tsa Asia Pacific le Amerika Boroa ka kakaretso li kene hoo e ka bang lilemong tsa bo-1960-1980 'me tsa potlakisa nts'etsopele ea tsona qalong ea lekholo la bo21 la lilemo, empa li ne li tsoa morao.
Ka 2013, hara dinaha tse 10 tse hodimo tse nang le dikoloi tsa kgase ya tlhaho lefatsheng ka bophara, dinaha tse 6 sebakeng sa Asia Pacific (Iran, Pakistan, China, India, Uzbekistan le Thailand) di ne di na le kakaretso ya dikoloi tse dimilione tse 10.24, tse etsang 56.6% ya kakaretso ya lefatshe; Ho na le dikoloi tse dimilione tse 4.49 dinaheng tse tharo Amerika Borwa (Argentina, Brazil le Colombia), tse etsang 24.8% ya kakaretso ya lefatshe.
4. Linaha tse tsoetseng pele li na le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho le beng ba tsona ba morao.
Mohlala, United States, Canada, Jeremane, Japane le linaha tse ling li na le theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea R & D le tlhahiso ea lefats'e bakeng sa likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho, lienjine tsa khase ea tlhaho, liteishene tsa ho tlatsa le lisebelisoa tse ling, empa palo ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho e nyane haholo.
Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa IANGV, palo ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho, liteishene tsa ho tlatsa khase le likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng ka 2012 e behile boemong ba bo-18 United States ka likoloi tse 127735 le litulo tse 1120; Jeremane e boemong ba bo-19 ka likoloi tse 95498 le litulo tse 915; Japane e boemong ba bo-24 ka likoloi tse 42590 le litulo tse 314; Canada e boemong ba bo-29 ka likoloi tse 12500 le litulo tse 47.
Ntlafatso le ts'ebeliso ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho linaheng tse pota-potileng lefats'e li fapane, empa ho na le litšobotsi tse peli tse totobetseng: ea pele, nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho li amana haufi-ufi le maano a khothatso ea lichelete, lekhetho le theko ea khase ea tlhaho a amoheloang ke mmuso. Haeba maano a khothatso a le matla 'me a lateloa, likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho li tla hola ka potlako; Haeba leano la khothatso le thekesela, nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho e tla fetoha.
Haeba leano la khothaletso le fokola kapa le emisoa, likoloi tsa khase ea tlhaho li tla ba thata ho li ntlafatsa, kapa li fokotsehe kapa li eme. Ea bobeli, linaha tsohle li etelletsa pele libese tsa khase ea tlhaho le litekesi.
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Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-19-2022