1. Uhlalutyo lophuhliso lwezithuthi zegesi yendalo kwihlabathi liphela
（1） Uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zegesi zendalo zehlabathi
Ukususela oko imoto yokuqala ye-CNG yaphuma ngo-1931, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-60, inani lezithuthi zegesi yendalo kwihlabathi liphela lifikelele kwisigidi esinye ngo-1997. Ukususela ngoko, izithuthi zegesi yendalo zingene kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo.
Ngokwezibalo ze-International Association of natural gas vehicles (IANGV), inani lehlabathi umvelisi wegesi yendalo izithuthi kunye neendawo zokuzalisa zifikelele kwi-11.356 yezigidi (ngaphezulu kwe-10 yezigidi okokuqala) kunye ne-16513 ngo-2009; Ngo-2012, ifikelele kwi-16.733 yezigidi zeemoto kunye nezihlalo ezingama-21292, ukunyuka kwe-47.3% kunye ne-28.9% ngaphezulu ko-2009, kunye nokukhula okuphakathi konyaka kwe-13.8% kunye ne-8.8% ngokulandelanayo.
Ngowama-2103, inani lilonke lezithuthi zegesi yendalo ehlabathini landa laya kwi-18.09 yezigidi, apho i-15.55 yezigidi yayikumazwe alishumi aphezulu, isenza i-86% yenani lilonke lehlabathi. Ngokwesibikezelo se-IANGV, ngo-2020, inani lezithuthi zegesi yendalo emhlabeni liza kufikelela kwi-65 yezigidi.
（2） Iimpawu zophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zegesi yendalo ehlabathini
1. Umzimba oyintloko wezithuthi zegesi yendalo zehlabathi ziimoto zabakhweli.
Ngokwezibalo ze-gvR, ngo-2012, bekukho iimoto ezili-15.8751 lezigidi kunye neelori ezincinci kwizithuthi zegesi zendalo zehlabathi, ezibalelwa kwi-92.13%; iibhasi eziphakathi nezinzima ezingama-703900, ezibalelwa kwi-4.09%; iilori eziphakathi nezinzima ezingama-36.88, ezibalelwa kwi-2.14%; ezinye izithuthi ezingama-282600, ezibalelwa kwi-1.64%.
Kungagqitywa kwelokuba ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwezithuthi zegesi yendalo zehlabathi ikakhulu ziimoto, kuquka neeteksi, zilandelwe ziibhasi. Zilinganiselwe linani kunye noyilo lwezikhululo zepetroli, zimbalwa iibhasi ezihamba umgama omde.
2. Izithuthi zegesi yendalo zigxile kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo.
Inqanaba lobuchwephesha lamazwe asaphuhlayo kwicandelo lezithuthi zegesi yendalo ngokubanzi lisemva kwelo lamazwe aphuhlileyo, kodwa ukuthandwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuphambili.
Amazwe ali-10 aphezulu kwizithuthi zegesi yendalo kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2013 onke ngamazwe asakhulayo ngaphandle kwe-Itali; Amazwe alithoba asakhulayo anezithuthi zegesi yendalo ezizizigidi ezili-14.73, ezibalelwa kwi-81.43% yobunini behlabathi liphela; Ngokukodwa, amazwe amahlanu aphambili (i-Iran, iPakistan, iArgentina, iBrazil kunye neTshayina) anezithuthi zegesi yendalo ezizizigidi ezili-11.9, ezibalelwa kwi-65.78% yobunini behlabathi liphela.
Umthamo opheleleyo weemoto zehlabathi ugxile kakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo, kodwa umthamo opheleleyo weemoto zegesi yendalo ugxile kakhulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Oku kubonisa ukuba amazwe asaphuhlayo abeka ukubaluleka okukhulu kwizithuthi zegesi yendalo kunamazwe aphuhlileyo.
3. I-Asia Pacific kunye neMzantsi Melika zinezona zithuthi zegesi zendalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Uphuhliso lwezithuthi zegesi yendalo lwaqala eYurophu ngeminyaka yoo-1930. Imimandla yaseAsia Pacific naseMzantsi Melika ngokubanzi yangena malunga neminyaka yoo-1960-1980 yaza yakhawulezisa uphuhliso lwayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, kodwa yavela ngasemva.
Ngowama-2013, phakathi kwamazwe ali-10 aphezulu anezithuthi zegesi yendalo kwihlabathi liphela, amazwe ama-6 kummandla we-Asia Pacific (i-Iran, iPakistan, iTshayina, iIndiya, i-Uzbekistan kunye neThailand) ayenezithuthi ezizizigidi ezili-10.24, ezibalelwa kwi-56.6% yenani lilonke lehlabathi; Kukho izithuthi ezizizigidi ezi-4.49 kumazwe amathathu eMzantsi Melika (iArgentina, iBrazil kunye neColombia), ezibalelwa kwi-24.8% yenani lilonke lehlabathi.
4. Amazwe aphuhlileyo aneteknoloji yezithuthi zegesi yendalo ephucukileyo kunye nobunini obungasemva.
Umzekelo, i-United States, iKhanada, iJamani, iJapan kunye namanye amazwe aneeteknoloji ze-R & D eziphambili kwihlabathi liphela kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa izithuthi zegesi yendalo, iinjini zegesi yendalo, izikhululo zokuzalisa kunye nezinye izixhobo, kodwa inani lezithuthi zegesi yendalo lincinci kakhulu.
Ngokwezibalo ze-IANGV, inani lezithuthi zegesi yendalo, izikhululo zokuzalisa igesi kunye nezithuthi zegesi yendalo ehlabathini ngo-2012 zibekwe kwindawo ye-18 eMelika ngezithuthi eziyi-127735 kunye nezihlalo eziyi-1120; iJamani ibekwe kwindawo ye-19 ngezithuthi eziyi-95498 kunye nezihlalo eziyi-915; iJapan ibekwe kwindawo yama-24 ngezithuthi eziyi-42590 kunye nezihlalo eziyi-314; iKhanada ibekwe kwindawo yama-29 ngezithuthi eziyi-12500 kunye nezihlalo ezingama-47.
Uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zegesi yendalo kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela kwahlukile, kodwa kukho iimpawu ezimbini ezicacileyo: okokuqala, uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zegesi yendalo kunxulumene kakhulu nemigaqo-nkqubo yezimali, yerhafu kunye neyokukhuthaza amaxabiso egesi yendalo eyamkelwe ngurhulumente. Ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza iqinile kwaye iyalandelwa, izithuthi zegesi yendalo ziya kukhula ngokukhawuleza; Ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuthaza uyaguquguquka, uphuhliso lwezithuthi zegesi yendalo luya kutshintshatshintsha.
Ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wenkuthazo uyancitshiswa okanye uyekiswa, izithuthi zegesi yendalo kuya kuba nzima ukuziphuhlisa, okanye zinciphe okanye zime. Okwesibini, onke amazwe anika kuqala iibhasi zegesi yendalo kunye neeteksi.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-19-2022