Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yemizi-mveliso yokuvelisa i-syngas, likhonkco elibalulekileyo lokusebenzisa inkqubela phambili yempendulo yokutshintsha kwegesi yamanzi ukuguqula i-CO ibe yi-hydrogen.
Le mpendulo yimpendulo eguqukayo ye-exothermic. Okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ukuguquguquka kwe-equilibrium kwehla. Kwangaxeshanye, le mpendulo yimpendulo eqhelekileyo ye-catalytic. Xa kungekho catalyst, kunzima ukuphendula kwi-700. Xa kukho i-catalyst, ubushushu be-reaction buyancipha kakhulu. Xa usebenzisa i-catalyst yokutshintsha kobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu be-reaction buyi-300 ~ 500 ° C; Xa kusetyenziswa i-catalyst yokutshintsha kobushushu obuphantsi, ubushushu be-reaction buyi-200-400 ° C (itheyibhile 22). Ngenxa yokuba i-reaction yi-isomolecular reaction, uxinzelelo alunampembelelo kwi-reaction equilibrium, kodwa ukusebenza koxinzelelo kunokuphucula amandla emveliso kunye nesantya se-reaction.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lempendulo, inkqubo ikude kakhulu nomda we-equilibrium kwaye ilawulwa yi-kinetics. Ukunyusa ubushushu kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga le-reaction kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-reaction, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo kunqunyelwe yi-thermodynamic equilibrium. Ukuguqulwa kwe-thermodynamic equilibrium kubushushu obuphezulu kuphantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-reaction, ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi kufuneka kwamkelwe ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwe-CO. Iimpawu ze-thermodynamic kunye ne-kinetic zenkqubo zimisela ukuba inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-CO kufuneka yamkele ukusebenza kobushushu obuguquguqukayo.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lempendulo, inkqubo ikude kakhulu nomda we-equilibrium kwaye ilawulwa yi-kinetics. Ukunyusa ubushushu kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga le-reaction kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-reaction, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo kunqunyelwe yi-thermodynamic equilibrium. Ukuguqulwa kwe-thermodynamic equilibrium kubushushu obuphezulu kuphantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-reaction, ukusebenza kobushushu obuphantsi kufuneka kwamkelwe ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwe-CO. Iimpawu ze-thermodynamic kunye ne-kinetic zenkqubo zimisela ukuba inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-CO kufuneka yamkele ukusebenza kobushushu obuguquguqukayo.
Ngenxa yokuthintela ibhalansi yokusabela, nangona i-CO iguqulwa kakhulu emva kokuguqulwa kwegesi yamanzi kubushushu obuphantsi, umxholo wayo usemalunga ne-1%, engenakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezininzi ezilandelayo. Kwishishini, idla ngokususwa ziimpendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali. I-oxidation ekhethiweyo ye-CO kunye ne-O2 xa kukho inani elikhulu le-hydrogen ivelisa i-CO2, kwaye i-hydrogen kunye ne-O2 nazo kulula ukuzisabela. Ke ngoko, inkqubo ixhomekeke ngokungqongqo kubushushu bokusabela kunye nohlobo lwe-catalyst [29301].
Enye inkqubo ephucukileyo kukwenziwa kwe-hydrogenation ye-CO2 kunye nesixa esikhulu se-hydrogen esikhoyo ngqo kwi-catalyst esekelwe kwi-nickel ukuvelisa i-methane.
Emva kokuguqulwa kwegesi yamanzi kunye nokususwa kwe-CO2, izinto eziphambili zegesi ziba yi-H2 kunye ne-CO2. Kwishishini le-ammonia yokwenziwa, i-CO2 kufuneka yahlulwe kuqala. Ezi CO2 zinokuqhubeka zisabela kunye ne-ammonia eveliswa yi-hydrogen kwicandelo elilandelayo ukuvelisa i-ammonium bicarbonate, i-ammonium carbonate okanye i-urea kunye nezinye izichumisi zeekhemikhali ukuze kufezekiswe ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-CO2. Kule nkqubo, itekhnoloji yokwahlula i-CO2 kunye ne-H2 ngokuyintloko kukuqinisekisa ukuba i-CO2 inokuphinda isetyenziswe.
Kwizicelo ze-hydrogen ezifana neeseli ze-proton membrane fuel, kusetyenziswa i-hydrogen kuphela endaweni ye-CO2. I-CO2 iba yi-emissions engenamsebenzi, enokufuna ukudityaniswa nezinye iinkqubo ze-mineralization (ezifana nokuveliswa kwe-calcium carbonate ye-food grade).
Nangona kunjalo, kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokwahlulwa kwe-CO2, yindlela engcono yokusebenzisa i-organic amine okanye i-methanol ukufunxa i-CO2. Ingakumbi kwinkqubo yokufunxwa kwe-CO2 yi-methanol kubushushu obuphantsi, ukunyibilika kweegesi ezininzi kuya kuba phezulu kubushushu obuphantsi. Ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kuphela akuthintelwanga bubushushu, kwaye okukhona ubushushu buphantsi, kokukhona ukunyibilika kuphantsi. Ibonisa ukukhetha okuhle kokwahlulwa kwe-H2.
Kwinkqubo yokubuyisela i-CO2, ngesiseko sokuphepha ukonakala kwe-hydrogen, zama ukuphepha ukusebenzisa ii-reagents ezibizayo (ezifana ne-caustic soda) ezinokudibana kakhulu ne-CO2, ukuqinisekisa uqoqosho lwenkqubo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-10-2021