1. Isishwankathelo

Njengegesi ecocekileyo nengenakhabhoni ephantsi, igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (i-LNG ngamafutshane) ineempawu ezimbini zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho oluhle. I-LNG ibe ngumthombo ophambili wegesi okanye umthombo wegesi oguqukayo kwizixeko ezingakwaziyo ukusebenzisa igesi yendalo yemibhobho ukubonelela ngegesi, kwaye ikwangumthombo wegesi owongezelelweyo okanye umthombo wegesi ocheba incopho kwizixeko ezininzi ezisebenzisa igesi yendalo yemibhobho ukubonelela ngegesi. Isitishi segesi se-LNG sisitishi sesathelayithi sokwamkela, ukugcina nokusasaza i-LNG, kwaye ikwayindawo yohlengahlengiso oluphakathi lweedolophu okanye iinkampani zegesi ukudlulisela i-LNG ukusuka kubavelisi ukuya kubasebenzisi. Ngeenzuzo zexesha elifutshane lokwakha kunye nokukwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokukhawuleza neemfuno zemarike yegesi, Izikhululo zegesi ze-LNG ziye zakhiwa kancinci kancinci kwizixeko ezininzi ezincinci neziphakathi kunxweme olusemzantsi-mpuma welizwe lam ngenxa yoqoqosho oluphuhlileyo kunye nokunqongophala kwamandla, zibe ziindawo zokubonelela ngegesi ezisisigxina okanye utshintsho ngaphambi kokufika kwegesi yendalo yemibhobho. Iziko lokubonelela ngegesi.

Ububanzi boyilo lwenkqubo yesitishi sokufaka igesi se-LNG buquka ukuthuthwa kwe-LNG, uxinzelelo lokugcina, ukufudumeza igesi, unyango lwe-BOG, ukukhupha umbane ngokhuseleko, ukulawulwa koxinzelelo kunye nokulinganisa, ukuvumba, njl. Ikhonkco lokukhupha i-LNG, oko kukuthi, igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (LNG) igcinwa kwiikhonteyina zeetanki, ithuthwa iye kwisikhululo segesi ngeetanki zendlela, kwaye icinezelwe yi-supercharger yokukhupha impahla kwiqonga lokukhupha impahla, kwaye i-LNG ithunyelwa kwitanki yokugcina i-LNG enobushushu obuphantsi ngomahluko woxinzelelo. Ekubeni ukukhupha i-LNG kwenziwa rhoqo kwixesha elithile, kwaye kubandakanya abaqhubi kunye nabakhweli, abasebenzi bolawulo lwesitishi, njl.njl., okunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwesikhululo segesi, ukuqwalaselwa ngokhuseleko kwendawo yokukhupha iitanki ze-LNG kuyilo kufuneka kuvuselele ingqalelo yabaninzi abayili bobunjineli.

2 Uhlalutyo lweengozi ze-LNG

2.1 Iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ze-LNG

Ubushushu bokugcina be-LNG buhlala buphakathi kwe-166°C kunye ne-157°C, kwaye uxinano luphakathi kwe-430kg/m3 kunye ne-470kg/m3. Ekubeni i-LNG iyi-hydrocarbon yokukhanya okukhanyayo okubangelwa lulwelo, umphunga wamanzi emoyeni uya kukhululwa kwiindawo apho kuvuza okanye kugcwala khona. Iyajika ukuze ivelise amafu amhlophe omphunga. Kwinkqubo yokugcina nokudlulisa i-LNG, igesi ye-BOG iya kuveliswa emva kokuvuza kobushushu. Ulwakhiwo lwayo luxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lolwelo. Ngokubanzi, igesi ebilayo iqulethe i-20% ye-nitrogen, i-80% ye-methane kunye nesixa esincinci se-ethane. Umxholo we-nitrogen Ungafikelela kumaxesha angama-20 umxholo we-nitrogen kulwelo lwe-LNG.

I-LNG ineempawu ezivuthayo neziqhumayo. Phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi be-162 °C, uluhlu lwayo lokutsha luyi-6% ukuya kwi-13% ngokomthamo. Ubushushu bokutsha kwe-LNG buyatshintsha ngokutshintsha kwezinto, kwaye ukwanda komxholo we-hydrocarbon onzima kuya kubangela ukutsha. Ukwehla kobushushu, phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya, ubushushu bokutsha kwe-methane ecocekileyo yi-650 ℃.

Phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, i-LNG iyajika ibe yigesi kwaye ibe yimo yegesi, oko kukuthi, igesi yendalo. Igesi yendalo ngumxube onamacandelo amaninzi, inxalenye ephambili yi-alkane, iqulethe inani elincinci le-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen kunye nomphunga wamanzi, kunye nezixa ezincinci ze-helium, i-argon kunye nezinye iigesi ezinqabileyo. Ngokwehlelo lomngcipheko womlilo lwe-"Code for Fire Protection of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Design", inqanaba lomngcipheko womlilo wegesi yendalo yiClass A kunye ne-B.

2.2 Iingozi ze-LNG

Kwinkqubo yokukhupha i-tanker ye-LNG, xa kwenzeka ingozi, i-LNG iyavuza, kwaye i-LNG iyasasazeka kwindawo yobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, ize emva koko ibe yimo yegesi. Ke ngoko, iingozi zegesi yendalo kunye ne-LNG kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuyilo lobunjineli.

(1) Inokutsha kwaye iqhume. Igesi yendalo yigesi enokutsha kwaye iqhume, kwaye ingenza umxube oqhumayo xa ivuza emoyeni, kwaye iya kutsha logama nje ubushushu bufikelela kwi-550 °C. Kwimeko yobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesikhongozeli luya kwanda, kwaye kukho ingozi yokuqhekeka nokuqhuma. Umda wokuqhuma kwegesi yendalo yi-5% ukuya kwi-15%. Igesi yendalo kwisikhongozeli nakwipayipi ivuza emoyeni. Xa uxinzelelo lwayo lufikelela kumda wokuqhuma, iya kutsha okanye iqhume xa idibana nomthombo womlilo. Xa uxinzelelo lwegesi yendalo luphantsi komda osezantsi, ayiqhumi kwaye ayitshi xa idibana nomthombo womlilo. Xa uxinzelelo lwegesi yendalo luphezulu Xa umda ophezulu ufikelelwe, ayiqhumi xa idibana nomthombo womlilo, kodwa inokutsha.

(2) Ukusasazeka lula. Igesi yendalo iyaguquguquka kwaye ayixinene kangako kunomoya, ngoko ke akulula ukuhlala kwiindawo ezisezantsi emva kokuvuza, kwaye inokusasaza okukhulu.

(3) Ubuthi. Igesi yendalo ngumxube we-hydrocarbon ongenambala, ongenavumba, kwaye ongenabungozi, kodwa ukuvezwa ixesha elide kunokubangela i-neurasthenic syndrome. I-Methane yigesi "ebangela ukuphefumla kwesini esinye". Xa uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu, umxholo weoksijini emoyeni unokuncipha kakhulu, okubangela ukufuthaniseka. Xa i-methane emoyeni ifikelela kwi-25% ukuya kwi-30%, inokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudinwa, ukungakwazi ukugxila, njl.

(4) Ukwanda kobushushu. Umthamo wegesi yendalo uya kwanda ngokunyuka kobushushu. Xa umbhobho ubekwe elangeni okanye kufutshane nomthombo wobushushu obuphezulu, igesi yendalo iyakhula ngenxa yobushushu nokwanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lombhobho lunyuke kwaye lukhule, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwisikhongozeli kunye nokuvuza kwegesi yendalo.

(5) Ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokuphola kakhulu kwe-LNG. Ubushushu bokugcina be-LNG yi--162 ℃. Emva kokuba ukuvuza kwenzeke, i-jet okanye ilifu lomphunga obandayo liya kwenza ezinye izinto ezidibana nalo zibe buthathaka, zibe buthathaka, okanye zibangele ukushwabana okubandayo, okubangela umonakalo kwimibhobho, kwii-welds, nakwii-fittings zemibhobho kunye nokuvuza. Ulwelo okanye igesi epholisiweyo kakhulu iya kubangela ukutsha okuphantsi kobushushu, i-frostbite kunye nezinye iingozi emzimbeni womntu.

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