Ukubuyiswa kwe-hydrocarbon ekhaphukhaphu kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokufumana izinto ezinzima zegesi yendalo xa kuthelekiswa ne-methane okanye i-ethane kwimo yolwelo. Umxube we-propane kunye ne-butane uba yi-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), kwaye izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-pentane kunye ne-pentane ziba yi-oyile ekhaphukhaphu. inkqubo yokubuyisa i-hydrocarbon ekhanyayo ngokusisiseko yinkqubo yokulinganisela igesi-ulwelo enezigaba ezimbini. Injongo kukulawula i-hydrocarbon dew point yegesi yendalo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho lwegesi yendalo. Iimveliso ze-hydrocarbon ezingamanzi ezifunyenweyo zingasetyenziswa njengamafutha asemgangathweni ophezulu okanye izinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali, kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho.
Iindlela zenkqubo iyunithi yokubuyisa i-hydrocarbon ekhanyayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ziquka ukufunxwa, ukufunxwa kweoyile, kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-condensation. Okwangoku, indlela yokwahlulwa kwe-condensation okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokupholisa ezincedisayo ezisekelwe kakhulu kwi-condensation zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Igesi yendalo ifunxwa ukuze ibuyisele ii-hydrocarbons ezingamanzi, kwaye le nkqubo ibandakanya ikakhulu unyango lwangaphambi kwegesi eluhlaza, ukucinezelwa, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukuqandisa, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-condensation. Ukuqandisa kwe-condensation kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-condensation ziinkqubo eziphambili kwinkqubo yokubuyisela i-hydrocarbons ekhanyayo. Ukusebenza kwezi nkqubo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni imveliso yee-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo, ukusebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Indlela yokufunxa ioyile yindlela ukwahlula ii-hydrocarbon ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa ukunyibilika okwahlukeneyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwigesi yendalo kwioyile efunxwayo (njenge-naphtha, i-parafini, okanye idizili). Le ndlela yayisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiminyaka yoo-1950 ukuya kowama-1960, kwaye kusekho izixhobo ezisebenzayo nanamhlanje, ingakumbi ukwahlula igesi yokuqhekeka kwepetroleum kwishishini lokucoca ipetroleum. Ioyile yokufunxa ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-naphtha, i-parafini, okanye idizili. Okukhona ubunzima bemolekyuli yeoyile efunxwayo buncinci, kokukhona isivuno see-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo siphezulu, kodwa kokukhona ilahleko enkulu yokufuma kweoyile efunxwayo. Ke ngoko, xa kufuneka isivuno esiphezulu se-hexane, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ioyile yokufunxa enobunzima obuncinci bemolekyuli ngokubanzi.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobushushu bokufunxa, indlela yokufunxa ioyile inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe kukufunxa ubushushu begumbi, ukufunxa ubushushu obuphakathi, kunye nokufunxa ubushushu obuphantsi.
Ubushushu bokufunxa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi buhlala bumalunga ne-30 ℃, kugxilwe kakhulu ekubuyiseleni ii-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo ze-C3+; Ubushushu bokufunxa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi bungaphezulu kwe-20 ℃, kwaye isivuno se-C3 simalunga ne-40%; Ubushushu bokufunxa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi bumalunga ne-40 ℃, kwaye isivuno se-C3 sihlala simalunga ne-80% -90%. Kwangaxeshanye, i-35% -50% ye-C2 inokubuyiselwa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-10-2023