Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka kugesi yemvelo kunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi kanye nomphumela omkhulu wesikali. Ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukisiwe bokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka kugesi yemvelo kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuxazulula inkinga yomthombo we-hydrogen oshibhile. Njengamandla ezimboni asezingeni eliphezulu futhi ahlanzekile, igesi yemvelo inokubaluleka okubalulekile kwesu enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla eShayina. Ngoba igesi yemvelo ayiyona nje uphethiloli obalulekile empilweni yabantu yansuku zonke, kodwa futhi iyinto eluhlaza eyisisekelo yemikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali yesibili.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka kugesi yemvelo kungenye yemikhiqizo eminingi yegesi yemvelo. I-Liaohe Oilfield, njengensimu yesithathu ngobukhulu kawoyela negesi eShayina, icebile ngemithombo yegesi yemvelo, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini okucubungula uwoyela negesi aphakathi. Enkambisweni yokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi, singakhiqiza isilinganiso esikhulu segesi eyomile ehlobene, enezimo ezihlukile zokucubungula igesi yemvelo ngokujulile, inokubaluleka okubanzi okusebenzayo ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthandwa kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen yegesi yemvelo.
1 Ukukhethwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemfundiso yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka kugesi yemvelo
Njengomkhiqizo wesibili wamakhemikhali, i-hydrogen isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zemithi, zamakhemikhali amahle, ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezegesi. Ikakhulukazi, i-hydrogen, njengophethiloli okhethwayo wamaseli kaphethiloli, izoba namathuba emakethe abanzi emkhakheni wezokuthutha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo, futhi izoba nesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni samandla esizayo. Izindlela zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen zendabuko, njengokuguqulwa komusi we-hydrocarbon okhanyayo, i-electrolysis yamanzi, ukuqhekeka kwe-methanol, i-gasification yamalahle kanye nokubola kwe-ammonia, sezivuthiwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga "eziphezulu nezimbili eziphansi" njengezindleko eziphezulu, isivuno esiphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi okuphansi. Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi eLiaohe Oilfield, kunezinsiza ze-hydrocarbon ezifana negesi eyomile kanye ne-naphtha. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen kungakhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye eyinhloko yegesi yemvelo ehlobene yi-methane, engaguqulwa ibe yi-hydrogen nge-hydrocarbon steam, ngobumsulwa bokukhiqiza obuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
2. Isimiso senqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka kugesi yemvelo
Izinqubo eziyinhloko zokucubungula igesi yemvelo zifaka phakathi ukuhluzwa komoya kanye ne-vacuum, ukuqhekeka kwe-catalytic, ukuguqulwa kwe-catalytic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-aromatics. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo, ukuqoqa kanye nokudlulisa kanye nokuhlanzwa. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye ne-catalyst, ama-alkanes kanye nomusi kugesi yemvelo kusabela ngamakhemikhali. Igesi eguqulayo ingena ku-converter ngemuva kokushintshana kokushisa kubhoyila ukuze iguqule i-CO2 ibe yi-H2 kanye ne-CO2. Ngemva kokushintshana kokushisa, ukujiya kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi anomusi, igesi idlula ngokulandelana embhoshongweni wokumunca ohlonyiswe ngama-adsorbents amathathu athile ngokulawula uhlelo, kanti i-N2, i-Co, i-CH4 kanye ne-CO2 zicindezelwa futhi zimuncwa yi-pressure swing adsorption (PSA) ukuze kukhishwe i-hydrogen yomkhiqizo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Depressurization kukhulula ukungcola futhi kuvuselela i-adsorbent
Ifomula yokusabela:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2-q
I-CO + H2O → I-CO2 + H2 + Q
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 10-2021