Ukubuyiswa kwe-hydrocarbon elula kubhekisela enkambisweni yokubuyiswa kwezingxenye ezisindayo zegesi yemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-methane noma i-ethane ngesimo soketshezi. Ingxube ye-propane ne-butane iba yigesi kaphethiloli encibilikisiwe (i-LPG), kanti izingxenye ezingenhla kwe-pentane ne-pentane ziba uwoyela olula. inqubo yokubuyisa i-hydrocarbon ekhanyayo empeleni uhlelo lokulinganisela igesi noketshezi olunezigaba ezimbili olunezingxenye eziningi. Inhloso ukulawula iphuzu lamazolo e-hydrocarbon egesi yemvelo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthuthwa kwegesi yemvelo. Imikhiqizo ye-hydrocarbon ewuketshezi etholiwe ingasetshenziswa njengamafutha asezingeni eliphezulu noma izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali, ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zomnotho.
Izindlela zenqubo ye iyunithi yokubuyisa i-hydrocarbon elula ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kuhlanganisa ukumuncwa, ukumuncwa kwamafutha, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokuminyana. Njengamanje, indlela yokuhlukanisa ukuminyana noma izindlela ezahlukene zokupholisa ezisizayo ezisekelwe kakhulu ekuminyaneni zivame ukusetshenziswa. Igesi yemvelo ivinjiwe ukuze ibuyise ama-hydrocarbon acwebezelayo, futhi inqubo ihlanganisa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwegesi eluhlaza, ukucindezelwa, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuqandisa, kanye nokululama kokuminyana. Ukuqandisa ukuminyana kwamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokululama kokuminyana yizinqubo ezibalulekile enkambisweni yokubuyisa ama-hydrocarbon acwebezelayo. Ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinqubo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isivuno sama-hydrocarbon acwebezelayo, ukusebenzisa amandla ngempumelelo, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Indlela yokumunca uwoyela iyindlela ukuhlukanisa ama-hydrocarbon ahlukene ngokusebenzisa ukuncibilika okuhlukene kwezingxenye ezahlukene kugesi yemvelo kumafutha aqunyiwe (njenge-naphtha, i-parafini, noma idizili). Le ndlela yasetshenziswa kabanzi ngawo-1950 kuya ko-1960, futhi kusekhona amadivayisi asebenzayo nanamuhla, ikakhulukazi ekuhlukaniseni igesi yokuqhekeka kwephethiloli embonini yokucwenga i-petroleum. Uwoyela wokumunca ngokuvamile usebenzisa i-naphtha, i-parafini, noma idizili. Uma isisindo sama-molecule samafutha aqunyiwe sincane, kulapho isivuno sama-hydrocarbon alula siba sikhulu, kodwa kulapho kulahleka khona ukuhwamuka kwamafutha aqunyiwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho kudingeka isivuno esikhulu se-hexane, uwoyela wokumunca onesisindo sama-molecule esincane kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuvamile.
Ngokusho kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene okumunca, indlela yokumunca uwoyela ingahlukaniswa ngomunca izinga lokushisa legumbi, umunca izinga lokushisa eliphakathi, kanye nomunca izinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Izinga lokushisa lokumunca ekamelweni ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-30 ℃, kugxilwe kakhulu ekubuyiseni ama-hydrocarbon alula e-C3+C; Izinga lokushisa lokumunca lokushisa eliphakathi lingaphezu kuka-20 ℃, kanti isivuno se-C3 singaba ngu-40%; Izinga lokushisa lokumunca lokushisa eliphansi licishe libe ngu-40 ℃, kanti isivuno se-C3 ngokuvamile singaba ngu-80% -90%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-35% -50% we-C2 ungabuyiselwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2023