Igesi yemvelo iwumthombo wamandla obalulekile osetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukungcoliswa ukungcola okufana ne-carbon dioxide (CO2), okudingeka isuswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene. Enye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokufeza lokhu ngenqubo ye-pressure swing adsorption (PSA), eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nokuthembeka ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo. Ubuchwepheshe be-PSA inikeza indlela elula nengabizi kakhulu yokwenza susa i-carbon dioxide kugesi yemvelo.
I Inqubo yokususa i-carbonization ye-PSA ngokuvamile kuhilela ukumunca i-carbon dioxide kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile zokumunca njenge-activated carbon noma ama-molecular sieves. Izinto zokumunca zinamandla aphezulu e-carbon dioxide, okuvumela ukuthi zisuse ngokukhetha lokhu kungcola emifudlaneni yegesi yemvelo. Inqubo yokumunca ivame ukwenzeka ngokucindezela okuphezulu, okuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbon dioxide kwamanye amagesi engxubeni.
Uma i-carbon dioxide isimuncwe yizinto ezimuncayo, igesi yemvelo ehlanziwe iyakhishwa bese ithunyelwa esinyathelweni esilandelayo senqubo. Izinto ezimuncayo ezicebile nge-carbon dioxide ziyavuselelwa, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-depressurization. Phakathi nale nqubo, ingcindezi ezintweni ezimuncayo iyancipha, okubangela ukuba i-carbon dioxide imuncwe futhi ikhishwe ezintweni. I-carbon dioxide ekhishwe ingabanjwa futhi icutshungulwe ngokuphephile, kuyilapho izinto ezimuncayo ezivuselelwe zingaphinde zisetshenziswe ukuze kususwe i-carbon dioxide. Ubuchwepheshe be-PSA inikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile zokuhlanzwa kwegesi yemvelo. Okokuqala, isebenza kahle kakhulu, inamazinga okususwa kwe-CO2 asheshayo futhi aqhubekayo. Okwesibili, ingandiswa futhi ingashintshwa ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zokuphathwa kwegesi, okwenza ifaneleke kokubili emisebenzini emikhulu kanye neyincane.
Okwesithathu, inikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela okuvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile ngaphandle kokungenelela okukhulu ngesandla. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe be-PSA zokucubungula igesi yemvelo, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile nezinzuzo. Isibonelo, ezinye izinqubo ze-PSA zisebenzisa imibhede emibili ehlukene yokungenisa amanzi, kanye nombhede owodwa ofaka i-CO2 ngenkathi omunye umbhede uvuselelwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kanye nombhede owodwa njalo esigabeni sokungenisa amanzi kanti omunye esigabeni sokuvuselela. Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokungenisa amanzi, njengemibhede epakishiwe noma izinto zombhede oqinile. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-PSA bunezinzuzo eziningi, bunemikhawulo futhi. Enye yezinselele ezibalulekile isidingo sokwenza ngcono amapharamitha enqubo ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle kokususwa kwe-CO2 okudingekayo ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Lokhu kungadinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izici ezifana nokucindezela, izinga lokushisa kanye namazinga okugeleza kwegesi, kanye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlelo ze-PSA zingase zibe nomuzwa wokushintsha kokwakheka kwegesi kanye nokungcola, okungathinta izinqubo zokumuncwa kanye nokuvuselelwa. Ngamafuphi, ukucubungula igesi yemvelo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokumuncwa kwengcindezi kunikeza indlela ephumelelayo nethembekile yokususa i-carbon dioxide, okusiza ekukhiqizeni amandla ahlanzekile nasimeme kakhudlwana. Njengoba isidingo semboni yegesi yemvelo siqhubeka nokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokulungiswa kobuchwepheshe be-PSA cishe kuzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo eminyakeni ezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2023