Gawo loyeretsera mafuta a hydrogen sulfide

Chiyambi

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu athu, timalimbikitsa mphamvu zoyera, kotero kufunikira kwa mpweya wachilengedwe ngati mphamvu yoyera kukukulirakulira. Komabe, mu ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe, zitsime zambiri za mpweya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi hydrogen sulfide, zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri pazida ndi mapaipi, kuipitsa chilengedwe ndikuyika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wochotsa sulfurization wa gasi wachilengedwe kwathetsa mavutowa, koma nthawi yomweyo, mtengo woyeretsa ndi kuchiza gasi wachilengedwe wakwera moyenerera.

Mfundo yaikulu

Kuchotsa mpweya m'maselo (monga kuchotsera mpweya m'maselo) skid, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti molecular sieve sweeting skid, ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yoyeretsa mpweya wachilengedwe kapena yokonza mpweya wachilengedwe.

Sieve ya molekyulu ndi kristalo ya aluminosilicate yachitsulo cha alkali yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka mafupa ndi kapangidwe ka microporous kofanana. Ndi adsorbent yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu yolowetsa madzi ndi kusankha kwa adsorption. Choyamba, pali njira zambiri zokhala ndi kukula kofanana kwa ma pore ndi mabowo okonzedwa bwino mu kapangidwe ka sieve ya molekyulu, zomwe sizimangopereka malo akuluakulu kwambiri, komanso zimaletsa kulowa kwa mamolekyulu akuluakulu kuposa mabowo; Kachiwiri, pamwamba pa sieve ya molekyulu pali polarity yayikulu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ionic lattice, kotero imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolowetsa madzi mamolekyu osakhuta, mamolekyu a polar ndi mamolekyu otha kufalikira. Madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide ndi mamolekyu a polar, ndipo mainchesi a molekyulu ndi ochepa kuposa mainchesi a pore a sieve ya molekyulu. Mpweya wosaphika wokhala ndi madzi ochepa ukadutsa pabedi la sieve ya molekyulu kutentha kwa chipinda, madzi ochepa ndi hydrogen sulfide zimayamwa, motero, kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide mu mpweya wodyetsa kumachepa, ndipo cholinga cha kusowa madzi m'thupi ndi desulfurization chimakwaniritsidwa. Njira yothira madzi mu sieve ya molecular imaphatikizapo kukhuthala kwa capillary ndi kukhuthala kwa thupi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya van der Waals. Malinga ndi Kelvin equation, kukhuthala kwa capillary kumachepa ndi kutentha, pomwe kukhuthala kwa thupi ndi njira yochokera ku exothermic, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kumachepa ndi kutentha komwe kumawonjezeka ndikuwonjezeka ndi kuthamanga; Chifukwa chake, njira yothira madzi mu sieve ya molecular nthawi zambiri imachitika pa kutentha kochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, pomwe kukonzanso kosanthula kumachitika pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kochepa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wokonzanso kutentha kwambiri, woyera komanso wotsika, sieve ya molecular adsorbent imatulutsa adsorbate mu micropore kupita mu mpweya wokonzanso mpaka kuchuluka kwa adsorbate mu adsorbent kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri. Imathanso kukhuthala madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide kuchokera ku mpweya wodyetsa, ndikuzindikira njira yokonzanso ndi kubwezeretsanso sieve.

Njira yaukadaulo

Kayendedwe ka ndondomeko kakuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Chigawochi chimagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu za nsanja, nsanja imodzi yothira madzi, nsanja imodzi yokonzanso ndi nsanja imodzi yoziziritsira. Mpweya wothira madzi ukalowa mu chipangizocho, kutentha kwa mpweya wothira madzi kumachepetsedwa ndi chipangizo choziziritsira madzi chisanazire, kenako madzi omasuka amachotsedwa ndi cholekanitsa cha coalescence, kenako amalowa mu sieve ya molecular desulfurization tower a-801, a-802 ndi a-803. Madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide mu mpweya wothira madzi zimathiridwa ndi sieve ya molecular kuti zitsimikizire njira yothira madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide. Mpweya woyeretsedwa wothira madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide kuchotsa umalowa mu fyuluta ya fumbi la mpweya wa chinthucho kuti uchotse fumbi la sieve ya molecular ndipo umatumizidwa ngati mpweya wa chinthucho.

Sefa ya molekyulu imafunika kubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo poyamwa madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide. Gawo la mpweya wa chinthucho limatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mpweya wa chinthucho pambuyo poyamwa fumbi ngati mpweya wobwezeretsanso. Mpweyawo ukatenthedwa kufika 270 ℃ mu uvuni wotenthetsera, nsanjayo imatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono kufika 270 ℃ kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi kudzera mu sefa ya molekyulu yomwe yamaliza njira yoyamwa, kotero kuti madzi ndi hydrogen sulfide zomwe zimayamwa pa sefa ya molekyulu zitha kusinthidwa kukhala mpweya wobwezeretsa wolemera ndikumaliza njira yobwezeretsanso.

Mpweya wochuluka wobwezeretsa ukatuluka mu nsanja yobwezeretsa umalowa mu condenser ya gasi yobwezeretsa kuti uziziritsidwe kufika pa 50 ℃, ndipo mpweyawo umaziziritsidwa ndi kuperekedwa ku flare header.

Nsanja ya sieve ya molekyulu imafunika kuziziritsidwa ikatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Kuti ibwezeretsedwe mokwanira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kutentha, mpweya wobwezeretsa umagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ngati mpweya wozizira wopukutira, ndipo nsanjayo imaziziritsidwa kufika pa 50 ℃ kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi kudzera mu nsanja ya desulfurization ya molekyulu yomwe yamaliza njira yobwezeretsanso. Nthawi yomweyo, imatenthedwa yokha. Mpweya wozizira ukatuluka mu nsanja yoziziritsira, umalowa mu uvuni wotenthetsera mpweya wobwezeretsanso kuti utenthetse, kenako umakonzanso nsanja ya desulfurization ya molekyulu ngati mpweya wobwezeretsa wosalimba. Chipangizocho chimasinthasintha maola 8 aliwonse.

Chigawo cha Kapangidwe