Kupanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku gasi lachilengedwe kuli ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika komanso zotsatira zake zazikulu. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano wapamwamba kwambiri wopanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku gasi lachilengedwe ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira chothetsa vuto la gwero lotsika mtengo la haidrojeni. Monga mphamvu yapamwamba komanso yoyera yamafakitale, gasi lachilengedwe lili ndi kufunika kofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu ku China. Chifukwa gasi lachilengedwe si mafuta ofunikira pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu, komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri pazinthu zambiri zamankhwala.
Kupanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku gasi lachilengedwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi gasi lachilengedwe. Liaohe Oilfield, monga gawo lachitatu lalikulu la mafuta ndi gasi ku China, lili ndi gasi lachilengedwe, makamaka m'makampani opangira mafuta ndi gasi. Pakupanga mafuta ndi gasi, titha kupanga gasi wouma wambiri, womwe uli ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yopangira gasi lachilengedwe, uli ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kufalikira kwa njira yopanga haidrojeni ya gasi lachilengedwe.
1 Kusankha ndi kusanthula kwa chiphunzitso cha kupanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku mpweya wachilengedwe
Monga mankhwala achiwiri, haidrojeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala, mankhwala abwino, zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Makamaka, haidrojeni, monga mafuta ofunikira kwambiri a maselo amafuta, idzakhala ndi mwayi waukulu pamsika woyendera ndi kupanga magetsi mtsogolo, ndipo idzakhala ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri mu kapangidwe ka mphamvu mtsogolo. Njira zachikhalidwe zopangira haidrojeni, monga kusintha kwa nthunzi ya hydrocarbon, electrolysis yamadzi, kusweka kwa methanol, gasification ya malasha ndi kuwonongeka kwa ammonia, ndi zachikulire. Komabe, pali vuto "lokwera ndi lachiwiri" monga mtengo wokwera, zokolola zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito ochepa. Pakupanga mafuta ndi gasi ku Liaohe Oilfield, pali zinthu zama hydrocarbon monga mpweya wouma ndi naphtha. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi popanga haidrojeni kungathandize kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lalikulu la mpweya wachilengedwe wogwirizana ndi methane, womwe ungasinthidwe kukhala haidrojeni ndi nthunzi ya hydrocarbon, wokhala ndi kuyera kwakukulu kopanga komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
2. Mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito yopanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku mpweya wachilengedwe
Njira zazikulu zopangira mpweya wachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo kusungunuka kwa mpweya mumlengalenga ndi vacuum, kusweka kwa catalytic, kusintha kwa catalytic ndi kupanga aromatics. Nthawi yomweyo, zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe, kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza ndi kuyeretsa. Pakupanikizika kwina, kutentha kwakukulu ndi catalyst, alkanes ndi nthunzi mu mpweya wachilengedwe zimachita zinthu mwa mankhwala. Mpweya wokonzanso umalowa mu chosinthira kutentha pambuyo pa kusinthana kwa kutentha mu boiler kuti usinthe CO2 kukhala H2 ndi CO2. Pambuyo pa kusinthana kwa kutentha, condensation ndi kulekanitsa madzi a nthunzi, mpweya umadutsa motsatizana kudzera mu nsanja yotsatizana yokhala ndi ma adsorbents atatu apadera kudzera mu pulogalamu yowongolera, ndipo N2, Co, CH4 ndi CO2 zimapanikizika ndikutsatidwa ndi pressure swing adsorption (PSA) kuti zichotse hydrogen ya chinthucho. Kusanthula kwa depressurization kumatulutsa zinyalala ndikubwezeretsanso adsorbent.
Fomula yochitira zinthu:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2-q
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 + Q
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-10-2021