Kusungunuka kwa mpweya wachilengedwe ndi njira yotsika kutentha. Mpweya wachilengedwe wosaphika woyeretsedwa umalowa mu chosinthira kutentha kuti uzizire, uzizire ndi kuziziritsa pang'ono kutentha, umapindika ndi kutsika mphamvu kutentha kwa -160 ~ 165 ℃, ndikulowa mu thanki yosungiramo LNG.
Ubale pakati pa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa kuzizira kwa mpweya wachilengedwe, kuzizira kwa mpweya, ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya ndi motere:
1) Mitundu ya nthawi yoziziritsira
Kuti mpweya wachilengedwe usungunuke, kutentha komwe kumachitika pakuziziritsa mpweya wachilengedwe, kuzizira, ndi kuzizira kwambiri kuyenera kuchotsedwa, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yoziziritsira yofanana imafunika kuti musinthane nayo.
Dongosolo loziziritsira lomwe lili ndi njira yothira madzi limathandiza kuti chotenthetsera kutentha chikhale ndi kusiyana kochepa pakati pa kutentha kozizira ndi kutentha, kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri zoziziritsira.
Makina oziziritsira mpweya wachilengedwe ndi akale kwambiri, ndipo njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:
Ndondomeko ya firiji
Kuzizira kosakanikirana kwa firiji
Kuzizira kosakanikirana ndi firiji ndi Precooling
Njira yowonjezera yozizira
2) Njira yoziziritsira pang'onopang'ono
Njira yoziziritsira mpweya pang'onopang'ono inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopangidwa ndi gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka mu 1939. Inayikidwa ku Cleveland ku United States, pogwiritsa ntchito NH3 ndi C2H4 ngati mafiriji oyamba ndi achiwiri.
Mu gawo loyamba, propane kapena Freon amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati refrigerant. Mpweya wachilengedwe woyeretsedwa umaziziritsidwa kufika pa -35 ~ - 40 ℃ mu propane kapena Freon cooler. Pambuyo polekanitsa ma hydrocarbon olemera pamwamba pa pentane, umalowa mu gawo lachiwiri kuti uziziritsidwe. Mpweya wa propane womwe umatuluka mu propane cooler umapanikizika ndi compressor, kenako umasungunukanso madzi akazizira ndi madzi, kenako n’kubwezeretsedwanso mu propane cooler.
Mu gawo lachiwiri, ethane kapena ethylene imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsira, ndipo mpweya wachilengedwe umazizira kufika pa -90 ~ - 100 ℃ mu gawo lachiwiri ndikusungunuka mu gawo lachitatu kuti uzizire. Pambuyo pa kupanikizika ndi kuzizira kwa madzi, mpweya womwe umatuluka kuchokera ku ethane kapena ethylene cooler umaziziritsidwa ndi kusungunuka mu propane cooler ndikubwezeretsedwanso kukhala ethane kapena ethylene cooler.
Mu gawo lachitatu, methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati refrigerant. Mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka umazizira mpaka -150 ~ -160 ℃ mu choziziritsira cha methane, kenako umachepetsedwa mphamvu kudzera mu valavu yopumira. Kutentha kukatsika kufika -162 ℃, umapopedwa kupita ku thanki yosungiramo LNG. Mpweya wosungunuka kuchokera mu choziziritsira cha methane umapanikizika ndikuziziritsidwa ndi madzi, kuziziritsidwa mu choziziritsira cha propane, kusungunuka mu choziziritsira cha ethane kapena ethylene, ndikubwezeretsedwanso ku choziziritsira cha methane.
Njira yoziziritsira yozizira yachikhalidwe imaphatikizapo magawo angapo odziyimira pawokha komanso olumikizidwa. Popeza firiji nthawi zambiri imapanikizika ndi compressor ya magawo ambiri, mu gawo lililonse loziziritsira, firiji imatha kusungunuka pansi pa kupsinjika kosiyanasiyana ndikugawidwa m'magawo angapo otentha kuti iziziritse mpweya wachilengedwe, ndipo firiji yomwe imasungunuka pansi pa kupsinjika kulikonse imalowa mu gawo loyenera la compressor kuti ikanikize. Mu gawo lililonse loziziritsira, firiji yokha ndi yosiyana, ndipo njira yogwirira ntchito imakhala yofanana.
Ubwino wa ndondomeko yoziziritsira ndi izi:
① Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa;
② Refrigerant ndi yoyera ndipo ilibe vuto logawa zinthu;
③ Ukadaulo wokhwima komanso ntchito yokhazikika
Zoyipa za kayendedwe ka firiji ndi izi:
① Pali mayunitsi ambiri ndipo njira yake ndi yovuta;
② Pali zida zambiri zothandizira, ndipo payenera kukhala zida zapadera zopangira ndi kusunga mafiriji osiyanasiyana;
③ Mapaipi ndi makina owongolera ndi ovuta komanso ovuta kuwasamalira
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-26-2021