Mpweya wachilengedwe ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri umaipitsidwa ndi zinthu zosafunika monga carbon dioxide (CO2), zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanagwiritse ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira imodzi yotchuka kwambiri yokwaniritsira izi ndi kudzera mu njira ya pressure swing adsorption (PSA), yomwe imadziwika kuti imagwira ntchito bwino komanso yodalirika pokonza mpweya wachilengedwe. Ukadaulo wa PSA imapereka njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopezera chotsani mpweya wa carbon dioxide kuchokera ku gasi lachilengedwe.
The Njira yochotsera mpweya m'thupi (PSA decarbonization) Kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo kuyamwa kaboni diokisidi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera zoyamwa monga kaboni woyatsidwa kapena ma sieve a molecular. Zinthu zoyamwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya kaboni diokisidi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichotse mosasamala zinthuzi kuchokera ku mitsinje ya mpweya wachilengedwe. Njira yoyamwa nthawi zambiri imachitika pamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kaboni diokisidi ikulekanitsidwa ndi mpweya wina womwe uli mu chisakanizocho.
Mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi ukangolowetsedwa ndi zinthu zolowetsedwa, mpweya wachilengedwe woyeretsedwa umatulutsidwa ndikutumizidwa ku gawo lotsatira la ndondomekoyi. Zinthu zolowetsedwa zokhala ndi kaboni dayokisaidi wambiri zimabwezeretsedwanso, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa depressurization. Panthawiyi, kupanikizika kwa zinthu zolowetsedwa kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kaboni dayokisaidi ichotsedwe ndikutulutsidwa kuchokera kuzinthuzo. Mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi wotulutsidwa ukhoza kugwidwa ndikukonzedwa mosamala, pomwe zinthu zolowetsedwanso zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti zichotsedwe kaboni dayokisaidi. Ukadaulo wa PSA imapereka zabwino zingapo zofunika pakuyeretsa gasi wachilengedwe. Choyamba, ndi yothandiza kwambiri, yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa CO2 komwe kumachotsedwa mwachangu komanso mosalekeza. Chachiwiri, imatha kukulitsidwa ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera gasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwira ntchito zazikulu komanso zazing'ono.
Chachitatu, imapereka mphamvu zambiri zodzichitira zokha zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yodalirika komanso yokhazikika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pamanja. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ukadaulo wa PSA wopangira gasi wachilengedwe, uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso zabwino zake. Mwachitsanzo, njira zina za PSA zimagwiritsa ntchito mabedi awiri osiyana olowetsa mpweya, ndipo bedi limodzi limalowetsa CO2 pomwe bedi lina limasinthidwa. Izi zimathandiza kuti ntchito ipitirire, ndipo bedi limodzi nthawi zonse limakhala mu gawo la kulowetsa mpweya ndipo lina limakhala mu gawo la kubwezeretsanso mpweya. Mitundu ina imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zolowetsa mpweya, monga mabedi odzaza kapena zipangizo zolimba. Ngakhale ukadaulo wa PSA uli ndi zabwino zambiri, ulinso ndi zofooka. Chimodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu ndikufunika kokonza magawo a njira kuti tikwaniritse bwino ntchito yochotsa CO2 pomwe tikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Izi zingafunike kuyang'anira mosamala zinthu monga kuthamanga, kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, komanso kusintha kosalekeza kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe ena a PSA akhoza kukhala okhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mpweya ndi zinyalala, zomwe zingakhudze njira zoyatsira ndi kukonzanso mpweya. Mwachidule, kukonza mpweya wachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyatsira mpweya wothamanga kumapereka njira yothandiza komanso yodalirika yochotsera mpweya woipa, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mphamvu zoyera komanso zokhazikika. Pamene kufunikira kwa mpweya wachilengedwe m'makampani kukupitilira kukula, chitukuko ndi kukonzanso ukadaulo wa PSA mwina kudzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukonza mpweya wachilengedwe m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-29-2023