Gukusanya no gutwara gazi mu murima w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli (ni ukuvuga gazi ifitanye isano na peteroli) muri rusange bikubiyemo: gukusanya gazi, gutunganya gazi; Gutwara gazi yumye na hydrocarbon yoroheje; Gutwara gazi yumye, kugumana amavuta, kubika hydrocarbon yoroheje, nibindi.
Gukusanya gaze yo mu gasozi ka peteroli
Nyuma y'uko amavuta ya peteroli ava mu mwobo w'amavuta agapimwa n'icyuma gipima, amavuta na gazi bijyanwa mu cyuma gitandukanya peteroli na gazi cyo mu kigo gitwara amavuta. Gazi yo mu ishyamba ry'amavuta itandukanyijwe n'amavuta ya peteroli hanyuma ikinjira mu muyoboro wo gukusanya gazi. Muri rusange, ikigo gikusanya gazi cyikoresha umuvuduko cyangwa gitera imbaraga kiba cyubatswe mu kigo gihuriweho cy'uruganda rukora amavuta. Compressor zo gukusanya gazi nyinshi ni compressor zo mu cyiciro kimwe zihuza. Umuvuduko w'amazi urashobora kureremba, kandi umuvuduko w'amazi uterwa n'umuvuduko w'inyuma ya sisitemu. Umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amazi ni 0.4MPa.
Gukusanya no gutwara peteroli mu buryo bufunze
Gukusanya no gutwara peteroli mu buryo bwo mu ibanga ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gukura peteroli yoroheje muri peteroli hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubungabunga peteroli, kandi ni kimwe mu ngamba z'ingenzi zo kugabanya igihombo cya peteroli.
Ku gice cyo kohereza amavuta, amavuta ya peteroli anyura mu cyuma gitandukanya peteroli na gaze yinjira mu cyuma gikuraho amazi, hanyuma yoherezwa mu cyuma gikuraho amazi anyura mu cyuma gishyushya amazi n'itanura rishyushya ibicuruzwa. Aha, amavuta ya peteroli anyura mu cyuma gikuraho amazi anyura mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, hanyuma yinjira mu cyuma gishyushya amazi kugira ngo gishyushye, hanyuma akinjira mu cyuma gishyushya amazi gikoresheje amashanyarazi. Nyuma yo kubura amazi, amavuta ya peteroli yinjira mu cyuma gishyushya amazi (amazi ari mu mavuta ya peteroli ari munsi ya 0.5%), hanyuma agashyirwa mu cyuma gishyushya amavuta ya peteroli, hanyuma nyuma yo kubura amazi, amavuta ya peteroli yinjira mu cyuma gifungisha amazi kugira ngo yoherezwe mu mahanga.
Mu gihe cy’ifungwa ry’aho gufunga peteroli n’aho amazi aturuka, amazi y’ubuntu asohoka mbere y’igihe akavangwa mu mazi akoreshwa mu gusuka peteroli mu gace runaka kugira ngo agabanye ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu gukora.
Gutunganya gaze yo mu gasozi ka peteroli
Gazi yo mu ishyamba ry’amavuta iva mu gasanduku k’umuvuduko winjira mu gice cyo gukonjesha (cyangwa cryogenic), aho ishyirwamo umuvuduko, igakonjeshwa hanyuma igatandukanywa na gaze idakonjeshwa iva mu gice cyo gukonjesha peteroli mbi kugira ngo igarure ibice biri hejuru ya C3 (cyangwa C2), hanyuma gaze yumye ikoherezwa mu mahanga.
Sisitemu yo gukusanya no gutwara hydrocarbon yoroheje
Gukusanya no gutwara hifashishijwe hydrocarbon yoroheje bikoresha uburyo bwo gutwara imiyoboro, kandi sisitemu igizwe n'ububiko bw'inyongera, sitasiyo yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, ububiko rusange, sitasiyo yo gupima ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'umuyoboro w'imiyoboro ujyanye nayo.
Itsinda icyuma cyo kugarura hydrocarbon yoroheje ifite ikigega cyo kubikamo ibintu, gikoreshwa mu gukemura ikibazo cy’amazi make, guhuza ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwo kohereza ipompo n’imiyoboro yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kugira ngo habeho umusaruro usanzwe cyangwa hagateganijwe gufungwa by’ibikoresho mu gihe habaye impanuka. Ubushobozi bwo kubika ikigega muri rusange ni iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 2 yo gukora hydrocarbon yoroheje.
Inshingano nyamukuru y'ububiko bw'amazi yoroheje ni ugukoresha ububiko kugira ngo buhuze ubusumbane hagati y'umusaruro w'amazi yoroheje n'ayoherezwa mu mahanga mu munsi umwe, no kubika no gusukura imyanda y'imiyoboro mu gihe habaye impanuka y'imiyoboro.
Inshingano nyamukuru y'ububiko rusange bwa hydrocarbon y'urumuri ni ugukoresha ikigega cyo kubikamo kugira ngo habeho ubusumbane hagati y'umusaruro w'amazi ya hydrocarbon y'urumuri n'iyoherezwa mu mahanga, harimo ihindagurika ry'umusaruro w'icyuma gitunganya, ihindagurika ry'umusaruro riterwa n'ibihe bitandukanye byo kubungabunga icyuma, kubungabunga uruganda rwa ethylene nta kubungabunga ammonia, kandi ubutaka bwa peteroli bugomba gukomeza gutanga ububiko bwa hydrocarbon y'urumuri yakuwe mu mwuka ukomoka ku bimera.
Ububiko rusange bwa hydrocarbon yoroheje n'ahantu ho gupimira ibicuruzwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga ni byo bisohokera ibikoresho fatizo bya hydrocarbon y'amazi bitangwa n'umurima w'amavuta yo mu ruganda rwa ethylene, aho hydrocarbon yoroheje iteranira n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kugarura hydrocarbon yoroheje, hamwe n'ihuriro ry'uburyo bwo kubika no gutwara hydrocarbon yoroheje.
Sisitemu yo kohereza no kugarura gazi yumye mu mahanga
Gazi yo mu murima w’amavuta iratunganywa ikanatunganywa nyuma yo kugarura. Imyinshi muri gaze yumye nyuma yo kugarura hydrocarbon yoroheje yoherezwa mu nganda za Dahua na methanol nk'ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi, naho igice cya gaze yumye gisubizwa mu kigo cyo kohereza amavuta ku butaka bw’amavuta nk'ibicanwa byo gushyushya itanura na shayeri. Kugaruka kwa gaze yumye ni inzira inyuranye yo gukusanya gaze. Muri icyo gihe, imwe muri gaze yumye ishyirwa mu bubiko bwa gaze mu mpeshyi. Ikorwa mu gihe cy'itumba kugira ngo igabanye ibura ry'imyuga karemano n'ikenerwa.
Imwe muri gazi yumye ikoreshwa mu kubyaza amashanyarazi na gazi abaturage.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-21-2021