Abaturage b'isi barimo kwiyongera, kandi kuri benshi, imibereho izakomeza gutera imbere. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igikenewe ku isi mu bijyanye n'ingufu cyikuba kabiri mu 2050 ugereranije no mu 2000.
Kugira ngo gazi igere kuri iki cyifuzo, izagira uruhare runini. Gazi karemano ni nyinshi, kandi ni yo gazi isukuye cyane ikoreshwa mu gutwika ibisigazwa by'ibimera. Ariko gazi karemano imwe n'imwe iri ahantu kure: gutwara gazi intera ndende hakoreshejwe umuyoboro w'amazi bishobora guhenda kandi ntibigire akamaro.
Igisubizo ni iki? Dukonjesha gazi, ibyo bigatuma ingano yayo igabanuka kugira ngo yoroherezwe, ihendutse kandi itekanye mu gutwara mu bwato. None se, gazi karemano ikorwa ite? Gazi karemano ikurwa mu butaka, irimo imyanda, amazi n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano nayo.
Ubwa mbere iratunganywa kugira ngo isukure. Inyura mu miyoboro n'imiyoboro aho imbaraga zituma umwuka utandukana n'amazi amwe n'amwe aremereye. Indi myanda irakurwamo. Gazi karemano inyura mu kintu cy'amazi cyinjiza umwuka wa karubone na hydrogen sulfide. Iyo gazi ikonjesha, bityo igatera kuziba. Hanyuma amazi asigaye yose arakurwaho, kuko nayo yakwibasira. Amaherezo, amazi asigaye ya gaze karemano yoroshye - cyane cyane propane na butane - akurwamo kugira ngo agurishwe ukwayo cyangwa akoreshwe nk'ibikoresho bikonjesha nyuma yo gukonjesha.
Ibice bya mercure nabyo birayungururwa. Ubu gaze karemano isukuye - methane ifite ethane - yiteguye gushonga. Ibi biba mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe. Igikoresho gikonjesha, gikonjeshwa na firigo nini, gifata ubushyuhe buva kuri gaze karemano. Gikonjesha gaze kugeza kuri -162°C, kikagabanya ingano yayo inshuro 600.
Ibi biyihindura amazi asobanutse, adafite ibara, adafite uburozi - - gazi karemano ivanze n'amazi, cyangwa LNG - byoroshye cyane kubika no gutwara. LNG ibikwa mu bigega bifite ubushyuhe, kugeza igihe biteguye gupakirwa mu bwato cyangwa mu bwato bwa LNG bwagenewe. Iyo ubwato bugeze aho bujya, LNG yimurirwa mu ruganda rwo kongera gushyushya gazi aho ishyushye, ikayisubiza mu mimerere yayo y'umwuka. Hanyuma iyo gazi ijyanwa ku bakiriya binyuze mu miyoboro, igatanga ingufu mu ngo no mu nganda.
Hengzhong ikomeje gufasha guhaza ibura ry’ingufu rikomeje kwiyongera hifashishijwe gaze karemano ikoresha amazi meza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2021