1. Isesengura ry'iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gaze karemano ku isi
（1） Guteza imbere no gukoresha ibinyabiziga bya gaze karemano ku isi
Kuva imodoka ya mbere ya CNG ku isi yasohoka mu 1931, nyuma y'imyaka irenga 60, umubare w'imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano ku isi wageze kuri miliyoni 1 mu 1997. Kuva icyo gihe, imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano zinjiye mu gihe cy'iterambere ryihuse.
Dukurikije imibare y’Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Ibinyabiziga Bikoresha Gazi Kamere (IANGV), umubare w’ibinyabiziga bikoresha gaze ku isi yose moteri ikoresha gazi karemano imodoka n'aho lisansi zinjiramo amavuta byageze kuri miliyoni 11.356 (zirenga miliyoni 10 ku nshuro ya mbere) na 16513 mu 2009; Mu 2012, byageze kuri miliyoni 16.733 z'imodoka n'imyanya 21292, byiyongereyeho 47.3% na 28.9% ugereranyije n'umwaka wa 2009, hamwe n'impuzandengo y'izamuka ry'umwaka rya 13.8% na 8.8%.
Mu 2103, umubare w’imodoka zikoresha gaze karemano ku isi wiyongereye ugera kuri miliyoni 18.09, muri zo miliyoni 15.55 zari mu bihugu icumi bya mbere, bingana na 86% by’ibinyabiziga byose ku isi. Nk’uko IANGV yabiteganyaga, mu 2020, umubare w’imodoka zikoresha gaze karemano ku isi uzagera kuri miliyoni 65.
（2） Ibiranga iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gaze karemano ku isi
1. Imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha gaze karemano ku isi ni zo zitwara abagenzi.
Dukurikije imibare ya gvR, mu 2012, imodoka n'amakamyo yoroheje byari miliyoni 15.8751 mu modoka zikoresha gaze karemano ku isi, bingana na 92.13%; bisi 703900 ziciriritse n'iziremereye, bingana na 4.09%; amakamyo 36.88 aciriritse n'iziremereye, bingana na 2.14%; izindi modoka 282600, bingana na 1.64%.
Byafatwa umwanzuro ko imiterere nyamukuru y’ibinyabiziga bya gaze karemano ku isi ahanini ari imodoka, harimo na tagisi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho bisi. Kubera umubare n’imiterere ya sitasiyo za gaze, hari bisi nke zigenda kure.
2. Ibinyabiziga bikoresha gaze karemano byiganjemo cyane cyane ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.
Urwego rwa tekiniki rw'ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu bijyanye n'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gaze karemano muri rusange ruri inyuma y'urw'ibihugu byateye imbere, ariko gukurura no gukoresha gaze biri imbere.
Ibihugu 10 bya mbere mu gutunga imodoka zikoresha gaze karemano ku isi mu 2013 byose ni ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere uretse Ubutaliyani; Ibihugu icyenda biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite imodoka zikoresha gaze karemano miliyoni 14.73, bingana na 81.43% by'umutungo wose ku isi; By'umwihariko, ibihugu bitanu bya mbere (Irani, Pakisitani, Arijantine, Brezili n'Ubushinwa) bifite imodoka zikoresha gaze karemano miliyoni 11.9, bingana na 65.78% by'umubare wose ku isi.
Ingano yose y'imodoka ku isi iboneka ahanini mu bihugu byateye imbere, ariko ingano yose y'imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano iboneka cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ibi bigaragaza ko ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere biha agaciro kanini imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano kurusha ibihugu byateye imbere.
3. Aziya Pasifika na Amerika y'Epfo ni byo bifite iterambere ryihuse ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gaze karemano.
Iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga bya gaze karemano ryatangiye mu Burayi mu myaka ya 1930. Uturere twa Aziya Pasifika na Amerika y'Epfo muri rusange twinjiye ahagana mu myaka ya 1960-1980 kandi twihutisha iterambere ryabyo mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, ariko byaturutse inyuma.
Mu 2013, mu bihugu 10 bya mbere bifite ibinyabiziga bya gaze karemano ku isi, ibihugu 6 byo mu karere ka Aziya ya Pasifika (Irani, Pakisitani, Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Uzbekistan na Tayilande) byari bifite imodoka miliyoni 10.24, bingana na 56.6% by'ibinyabiziga byose ku isi; Hari imodoka miliyoni 4.49 mu bihugu bitatu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo (Ajentina, Brezili na Kolombiya), bingana na 24.8% by'ibinyabiziga byose ku isi.
4. Ibihugu byateye imbere bifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’ibinyabiziga bya gaze karemano kandi bifite uburenganzira bwo kubitunga.
Urugero, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada, Ubudage, Ubuyapani n'ibindi bihugu bifite ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere ku isi mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere ry’imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano, moteri za gazi karemano, aho zinjiriza gazi n'ibindi bikoresho, ariko umubare w'imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano ni muto cyane.
Dukurikije imibare ya IANGV, umubare w'imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano, sitasiyo zishyiramo gazi n'imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano ku isi mu 2012 waje ku mwanya wa 18 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'imodoka 127735 n'imyanya 1120; Ubudage buri ku mwanya wa 19 n'imodoka 95498 n'imyanya 915; U Buyapani buri ku mwanya wa 24 n'imodoka 42590 n'imyanya 314; Kanada iri ku mwanya wa 29 n'imodoka 12500 n'imyanya 47.
Iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gazi karemano mu bihugu hirya no hino ku isi biratandukanye, ariko hari ibintu bibiri bifatika: icya mbere, iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gazi karemano bifitanye isano rya hafi na politiki y'imisoro, imisoro n'ibiciro bya gazi karemano yashyizweho na leta. Iyo politiki y'iterambere ikomeye kandi ikubahirizwa, ibinyabiziga bikoresha gazi karemano bizatera imbere vuba; Iyo politiki y'iterambere ihindagurika, iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha gazi karemano rizahinduka.
Iyo politiki y’inkunga igabanyije cyangwa igahagarikwa, imodoka zikoresha gazi karemano zizagorana kuziteza imbere, cyangwa ndetse zikagabanuka cyangwa zigahagarara. Icya kabiri, ibihugu byose biha agaciro bisi na tagisi zikoresha gazi karemano.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-19-2022