Amavuta akozwe mu buryo bwa peteroli na gaze karemano byose hamwe byitwa peteroli. Amavuta akozwe mu buryo bwa peteroli ni igice cy’amazi gikozwe mu buryo bw’amazi, mu gihe gaze karemano ari igice cyoroheje cya hydrocarbon kiba mu buryo bwa gaze. Gaze karemano iva mu iriba rya gaze yitwa gaze, naho gaze karemano itandukanyijwe na peteroli n’iriba rya peteroli yitwa gaze ifitanye isano.
Gazi karemano ni uruvange rw'imyuka ya hydrocarbon, irimo kandi amazi n'indi myanda. Igizwe ahanini na karuboni, hidrojeni, sulfur, azote, ogisijeni n'ibintu bito, cyane cyane karuboni na hidrojeni, aho karuboni ingana na 65% - 80% naho hidrojeni ingana na 12% - 20%. Imiterere ya gaze karemano ikorerwa mu turere dutandukanye iratandukanye, ndetse n'imiterere ya gaze karemano ikorwa n'amariba abiri atandukanye mu kigega kimwe iratandukanye, bitewe n'urwego rutandukanye rwo gucukura peteroli, imiterere ya gaze karemano ikorwa n'iriba rimwe na yo izahinduka.
Hydrocarbon nyamukuru iri muri gaze karemano ni methane, kandi irimo ethane, propane, butane, pentane, ingano nto ya hexane, heptane n'indi myuka iremereye.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya gaze karemano
Hari uburyo butatu bwo gushyira mu byiciro gazi karemano
(1) Dukurikije imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro, agabanyijemo cyane cyane gazi yo mu iriba rya gazi n'imyuka ijyanye nayo.
Gazi ifitanye isano: yerekeza kuri gaze karemano itandukanyijwe na peteroli n'ibigega bya peteroli.
Iriba rya gazi: bivuze gazi karemano iva mu iriba rya gazi.
(2) Dukurikije imiterere ya gazi karemano (ni ukuvuga, hakurikijwe ingano ya gazi karemano y’amazi), ishobora kugabanywamo gazi yumye, gazi itose, gazi idafite ibinure na gazi ikungahaye.
Uburyo bwo gusobanura C5 — kugabanya gazi yumye n'iy'amazi
Gazi yumye: yerekeza kuri gaze karemano ifite amazi menshi ya hydrocarbon hejuru ya C5 (pentane) n'imiterere yayo iri munsi ya santimetero kibe 13.5 muri metero kibe 1 isanzwe ya gaze karemano.
Gazi itose: yerekeza kuri gaze karemano ifite ingano y'amazi ya hydrocarbon iri hejuru ya C5 irenga santimetero kibe 13.5 muri metero kibe 1 isanzwe ya gaze karemano.
Uburyo bwo gusobanura C3 — kugabanya gazi mbi n'ikungahaye ku gipimo
Gazi idakora: yerekeza kuri gaze karemano ifite amazi ya hydrocarbon ari hejuru ya C3 munsi ya santimetero kibe 94 muri metero kibe 1 isanzwe ya gaze karemano.
Gazi ikungahaye: yerekeza kuri gaze karemano ifite amazi ya hydrocarbon ari hejuru ya C3 hejuru ya santimetero kibe 94 muri metero kibe 1 isanzwe ya gaze karemano.
(3) Dukurikije ingano ya aside, gaze karemano ishobora kugabanywamo gaze isanzwe na gaze isukuye.
Gazi karemano isharira: yerekeza kuri gaze karemano irimo sulfide nyinshi, dioxyde de carbone n'indi gaze isharira, igomba gutunganywa mbere yuko igera ku gipimo cy'ubwikorezi bw'imiyoboro cyangwa igipimo cy'ubwiza bw'ibyuka bicuruzwa.
Gazi isukuye: yerekeza kuri gaze ifite sulfide nke cyangwa nta na sulfide irimo, ishobora koherezwa mu mahanga no gukoreshwa idasukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-21-2021