Ikorwa rya hydrogen rikomoka kuri gaze yo mu mazi

Mu nzira iyo ari yo yose yo gukora syngas, ni ingenzi cyane mu gukoresha iterambere ry’impinduka z’umwuka mu mazi kugira ngo CO ihinduke hydrogen.
Iyi reaction ni reaction ihinduka iturutse ku mwuka. Uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko ihinduka ry’ikigereranyo rigenda rigabanuka. Muri icyo gihe, iyi reaction ni reaction isanzwe ya catalytic. Iyo nta catalyst ihari, biragoye kuyikora kuri dogere 700. Iyo hari catalyst, ubushyuhe bwa reaction buragabanuka cyane. Iyo ukoresheje catalyst yo ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bwa reaction ni dogere 300 ~ 500; Iyo hakoreshejwe catalyst yo ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwa reaction ni dogere 200-400 (imbonerahamwe ya 22). Kubera ko reaction ari isomolecular reaction, umuvuduko nta ngaruka ugira ku muvuduko wa reaction, ariko imikorere y’umuvuduko ishobora kunoza imbaraga z’umusaruro n’umuvuduko wa reaction.
Mu ntambwe ya mbere y’inyito, iyi gahunda iri kure cyane y’umupaka w’inyito kandi igenzurwa na kinetiki. Kongera ubushyuhe bishobora kongera cyane igipimo cy’inyito no kunoza imikorere myiza y’iyi gahunda. Mu ntambwe ya nyuma y’inyito, ihinduka ry’iyi gahunda rigabanywa na equilibrium ya thermodynamic. Ihinduka ry’inyito ya thermodynamic ku bushyuhe bwinshi riba riri hasi. Kubwibyo, mu ntambwe ya nyuma y’inyito, hagomba gukoreshwa imikorere y’ubushyuhe buke kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa ihinduka rya CO. Imiterere ya thermodynamic na kinetiki y’iyi gahunda igaragaza ko inzira yo guhindura CO igomba gukoresha imikorere y’ubushyuhe buhinduka.
Mu ntambwe ya mbere y’inyito, iyi gahunda iri kure cyane y’umupaka w’inyito kandi igenzurwa na kinetiki. Kongera ubushyuhe bishobora kongera cyane igipimo cy’inyito no kunoza imikorere myiza y’iyi gahunda. Mu ntambwe ya nyuma y’inyito, ihinduka ry’iyi gahunda rigabanywa na equilibrium ya thermodynamic. Ihinduka ry’inyito ya thermodynamic ku bushyuhe bwinshi riba riri hasi. Kubwibyo, mu ntambwe ya nyuma y’inyito, hagomba gukoreshwa imikorere y’ubushyuhe buke kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa ihinduka rya CO. Imiterere ya thermodynamic na kinetiki y’iyi gahunda igaragaza ko inzira yo guhindura CO igomba gukoresha imikorere y’ubushyuhe buhinduka.
Bitewe n’igabanuka ry’uburyo ibintu bihinduka, nubwo CO ihinduka cyane nyuma yo guhindura gazi mu mazi mu bushyuhe buke, ingano yayo iracyari hafi 1%, ibyo bikaba bitashobora guhaza ibisabwa mu mikorere myinshi ikurikiraho. Mu nganda, ikunze gukurwaho n’uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gukoresha imiti. Oxidation ya CO na O2 mu gihe hari ingano nini ya hydrogen ikora CO2, kandi hydrogen na O2 na byo biroroshye gukora. Kubwibyo, uburyo bikorwamo bushingiye ku bushyuhe bw’uburyo ibintu bihindukamo n’ubwoko bwa catalyst [29301].
Indi nzira yatewe imbere n'inganda ni uguteranya CO hifashishijwe hydrogen nyinshi isanzwe kuri catalyst ishingiye kuri nikeli kugira ngo ikore methane.
Nyuma yo guhindura imyuka yo mu mazi no gukuraho CO2, ibice by'ingenzi bya gazi biba H2 na CO2. Mu nganda za ammonia zikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike, CO2 igomba gutandukanywa mbere na mbere. Iyi CO2 ishobora gukomeza gukorana na ammonia ikorwa na hydrogen mu gice gikurikiraho kugira ngo ikore ammonia bicarbonate, ammonia karubone cyangwa urea n'indi fumbire mvaruganda kugira ngo CO2 ikoreshwe neza. Muri iki gikorwa, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya CO2 na H2 ahanini ni ukugira ngo CO2 ishobore kongera gukoreshwa.
Ku birebana na hydrogen nk'uturemangingo twa porotoni, hydrogen yonyine ni yo ikoreshwa aho gukoresha CO2. CO2 iba imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ishobora gukenera guhuzwa n'izindi nzira zo gusya amabuye y'agaciro (nk'ikorwa rya kalisiyumu karubone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa).
Ariko, mu nzira zose zo gutandukanya CO2, ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha amine cyangwa methanoli y’umwimerere kugira ngo inyure CO2. Cyane cyane mu nzira yo gukusanya CO2 na methanoli ku bushyuhe buke, gushonga kwa gaze nyinshi bizagenda byiyongera ku bushyuhe buke. Gusa gushonga kwa hydrogen ntabwo bigengwa n’ubushyuhe, kandi uko ubushyuhe bugenda bugabanuka, ni ko gushonga kugabanuka. Bigaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo gutandukanya H2.
Mu gihe cyo kugarura CO2, hashingiwe ku kwirinda kwangirika k'umusaruro wa hydrogen, gerageza kwirinda gukoresha ibintu bihenze (nk'isukari) bishobora guhuzwa cyane na CO2, kugira ngo urebe ko ubukungu bw'iyi gahunda burushaho kuba bwiza.