Gushonga kw'umwuka karemano ni inzira y'ubushyuhe buke. Gazi karemano isukuye yinjira mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ikonje, ihume kandi ikonjeshe mu bushyuhe buke, irahusha kandi igatuma umwuka ugabanuka ku bushyuhe bwa - 160 ~ 165 ℃, hanyuma ikinjira mu kigega cyo kubikamo LNG.
Isano iri hagati y'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'ubukonje, ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bukabije bwa gazi karemano ni iyi ikurikira:
1) Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo gukonjesha
Kugira ngo gaze karemano ihinduke ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buri mu gihe cyo gukonjesha gaze karemano, gushonga no gukonjesha cyane bigomba gukurwaho, ni ukuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bujyanye nayo bukenewe kugira ngo ihererekanywe nayo.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ifite ibikoresho byo gukamura amazi igamije gutuma icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe kigera ku kinyuranyo gito cyane cy’ubushyuhe hagati y’ubukonje n’ubushyuhe, kugira ngo kibone ubushobozi bwo gukora firigo.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikoreshwa mu gushonga gaze karemano irakuze cyane, kandi inzira zikunze gukoreshwa zirimo:
Intambwe y'urugendo rwo gukonjesha
Inzira yo gukonjesha ivanze mu buryo bwo kuvanga
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha buvanze hamwe na Precooling
Uburyo bwo kwagura ubwiyongere bw'ubukonje bw'imikorere
2) Intambwe y'urugendo rwo gukonjesha
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bw’intambwe bwakoreshejwe bwa mbere ku bicuruzwa bya gaze karemano byashongeshejwe mu 1939. Bwashyizwe i Cleveland muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hakoreshejwe NH3 na C2H4 nk'ibikoresho byo muri firigo bya mbere n'ibya kabiri.
Mu cyiciro cya mbere, propane cyangwa Freon bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bikonjesha. Gazi karemano isukuye ikonjeshwa kugeza kuri - 35 ~ - 40 ℃ muri propane cyangwa Freon cooler. Nyuma yo gutandukanya hydrocarboni zikomeye hejuru ya pentane, yinjira mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyo gukonjesha. Gazi ya propane yavanywe mu gikonjesha cya propane ishyirwamo umwuka na compressor, ikongera gushonga nyuma yo gukonjeshwa n'igikonjesha cy'amazi, hanyuma igasubira gukoreshwa mu gikonjesha cya propane.
Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, ethane cyangwa ethylene bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bikonjesha, maze gaze karemano ikonjeshwa kugeza kuri - 90 ~ - 100 ℃ mu cyiciro cya kabiri hanyuma igashyirwa mu cyiciro cya gatatu kugira ngo ikonje. Nyuma yo gukanda no gukonjesha amazi, gaze iva muri ethane cyangwa ethylene cooler irakonjeshwa ikajugunywa muri propane cooler hanyuma igasubirwamo ethane cyangwa ethylene cooler.
Mu cyiciro cya gatatu, methane ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gikonjesha. Gazi karemano ikonjeshwa kugeza kuri - 150 ~ - 160 ℃ mu gikonjesha cya methane, hanyuma igakurwaho umuvuduko unyuze muri valve yo ku mugozi. Ubushyuhe bumaze kugabanuka kugera kuri - 162 ℃, ishyirwa mu kigega cyo kubikamo LNG. Gazi iva mu gikonjesha cya methane irashyirwaho umuvuduko hanyuma ikonjeshwa n'amazi, ikonjeshwa mu gikonjesha cya propane, ikonjeshwa mu gikonjesha cya ethane cyangwa ethylene, hanyuma igasubizwa mu gikonjesha cya methane.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha busanzwe burimo ibyiciro byinshi byigenga kandi bifitanye isano. Kubera ko icyuma gikonjesha muri rusange gikonjeshwa na compressor y’ibice byinshi, muri buri cyiciro cyo gukonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha gishobora gushonga bitewe n’imbaraga nyinshi kandi kigabanywamo ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo gikonjeshe gaze karemano, kandi icyuma gikonjesha cyakuwemo umwuka munsi ya buri gitutu cyinjira mu cyiciro cya compressor gikwiye kugira ngo gikonjeshwe. Muri buri cyiciro cyo gukonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha gusa ni cyo gitandukanye, kandi inzira yo gukora iba isa muri rusange.
Ibyiza byo gukonjesha mu ntambwe ni ibi bikurikira:
① Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke;
② Refrigerant ni nziza kandi nta kibazo ifite cyo gupima ingano;
③ Ikoranabuhanga rikuze kandi rihoraho
Ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha firigo mu ntambwe ni izi:
① Hari ibice byinshi kandi inzira iragoye;
② Hari ibikoresho byinshi by'inyongera, kandi hagomba kubaho ibikoresho byihariye mu gukora no kubika ibintu bitandukanye bikonjesha;
③ Imiyoboro n'uburyo bwo kugenzura biragoye kandi ntibigoye kubungabunga
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 26 Nzeri 2021