Gazi karemano ni isoko y'ingufu ikomeye ikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Ariko, ikunze kwanduzwa n'imyanda nka dioxyde de carbone (CO2), igomba gukurwaho mbere yo gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Bumwe mu buryo buzwi cyane bwo kubigeraho ni ugukoresha uburyo bwa PSA (pressure swing adsorption), buzwiho gukora neza no kwizerwa mu gutunganya gaze karemano. Ikoranabuhanga rya PSA itanga uburyo bworoshye kandi buhendutse bwo gukuraho gaze karuboni muri gaze karemano.
Itsinda Uburyo bwo gukuraho karubone muri PSA Ubusanzwe bikubiyemo guhumeka dioxyde de carbone hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye bihumeka nka activated carbon cyangwa molekile sieves. Ibikoresho bihumeka bifite umwihariko mwinshi wa dioxyde de carbone, bigatuma bikuraho uyu mwanda mu miyoboro ya gaze karemano. Ubusanzwe inzira yo guhumeka iba ku muvuduko mwinshi, ibyo bikaba byongera itandukanyirizo rya dioxyde de carbone n'indi myuka iri mu ruvange.
Iyo gaze karuboni imaze kwinjizwa n’ibintu biyungurura, gaze karemano isukuye irarekurwa yoherezwa ku ntambwe ikurikira muri icyo gikorwa. Ibikoresho biyungurura gaze karuboni bikungahaye kuri gaze karuboni bivugururwa, akenshi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa depressurization. Muri iki gikorwa, igitutu ku bikoresho biyungurura kiragabanuka, bigatuma gaze karuboni isohoka ikava muri ibyo bintu. Gaze karuboni irekurwa ishobora gufatwa no gutunganywa mu buryo bwizewe, mu gihe ibikoresho biyungurura gaze bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kugira ngo gakureho gaze karuboni. Ikoranabuhanga rya PSA Itanga ibyiza byinshi by'ingenzi mu gutunganya gazi karemano. Icya mbere, ikora neza cyane, ifite igipimo cyihuse kandi gihoraho cyo gukuraho CO2. Icya kabiri, irashobora kwaguka kandi ishobora guhuzwa n'ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gucunga gazi, bigatuma ikwiriye ibikorwa binini n'ibito.
Icya gatatu, itanga urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere ikora ku buryo buhamye kandi bwizewe hatabayeho gukoresha intoki nyinshi. Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'ikoranabuhanga rya PSA mu gutunganya gaze karemano, buri kimwe gifite imiterere n'ibyiza byacyo byihariye. Urugero, zimwe mu nzira za PSA zikoresha ibitanda bibiri bitandukanye byo kunyuzamo umwuka, hamwe n'igitanda kimwe gihuza CO2 mu gihe ikindi gitanda cyongerwamo umwuka. Ibi bituma habaho imikorere ihoraho, igitanda kimwe gihora kiri mu cyiciro cyo kunyuzamo umwuka n'ikindi mu cyiciro cyo kunyuzamo umwuka. Izindi tandukaniro zirimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kunyuzamo umwuka, nk'ibitanda bipakiye cyangwa ibikoresho bikomeye byo kunyuzamo umwuka. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya PSA rifite ibyiza byinshi, rifite n'imbogamizi. Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ni ugukenera kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere kugira ngo hagerwe ku bushobozi bwo gukuraho CO2 bukenewe mu gihe hagabanywa ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere. Ibi bishobora gusaba gukurikirana witonze ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'umwuka, ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wa gaze, no gukomeza guhindura kugira ngo harebwe imikorere myiza.
Byongeye kandi, sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za PSA zishobora kuba zifite ikibazo cy’impinduka mu miterere ya gazi n’imyanda, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ikwirakwira no kuvugurura gazi. Muri make, gutunganya gazi karemano hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyikoresha mu gushyushya gazi bitanga uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo gukuraho gazi karuboni, bigafasha mu gutanga ingufu nziza kandi zirambye. Uko ubwinshi bw’imyuka karemano mu nganda bukomeza kwiyongera, iterambere n’ivugurura ry’ikoranabuhanga rya PSA rishobora kugira uruhare runini mu gutunganya gazi karemano mu myaka iri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2023