Kuraho imyanda yangiza mu mwuka w’ibiryo n’ibintu bishobora gukomera mu gihe cy’ibikorwa by’ubushyuhe. Nka hydrogen sulfide, dioxyde de carbone, amazi, hydrocarbone iremereye na mercure. Imyuka y’ibiryo ivurwa n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibimera bya LNG iratandukanye, bityo uburyo bwo kuvura n’imikorere nabyo biratandukanye.
Imyanda ya aside muri rusange ni H2S, CO2, cos, RSH n'indi myanda ikomoka ku gaze. Gukuraho aside akenshi byitwa desulfurization na decarbonation, cyangwa ubusanzwe desulfurization. Mu gusukura gaze karemano, H2S na CO2 bishobora gukurwaho icyarimwe, kuko ibi bice byombi bishobora gukurwaho hamwe mu buryo bwa amine ya alcohol na molekile adsorption cleansing.
2.3.2 Guhitamo uburyo bwo gusukura sulfuri
Mu gice cyo gupima imyuka isanzwe, hari uburyo butatu busanzwe bwo gusukura, ari bwo uburyo bwa amine ivanze n'inzoga, uburyo bwa potashi ishyushye (benfied) n'uburyo bwa amine ivanze n'inzoga.
Mercure: kuba hari mercure bishobora kwangiza cyane ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu. Iyo Mercure (harimo na mercure y’ibanze, iyoni za mercure n’ibinyabutabire bya mercure bikomoka ku bimera) ihari, aluminiyumu ikora hamwe n’amazi igatanga umusaruro w’ifu y’umweru, ibyo bikangiza cyane imiterere ya aluminiyumu. Mercure nke cyane irahagije kugira ngo yangize bikomeye ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu, kandi Mercure nayo izangiza ibidukikije ndetse inagire ingaruka mbi ku bakozi mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya. Kubwibyo, ingano ya mercure igomba kugabanywa cyane. Gukuraho Mercure bishingiye ku buryo mercure na sulfure bigenda mu cyuma gikurura ibintu.
Hydrocarbon iremereye: yerekeza kuri hydrocarboni iri hejuru ya C5+. Muri hydrocarboni, iyo uburemere bwa molekile buhindutse kuva kuri ntoya kugera kuri nini, aho ishyuha ihinduka kuva kuri ntoya kugera kuri nini. Kubwibyo, mu gihe gazi karemano ihinduka, hydrocarboni iremereye ihora ihinduka mbere. Iyo hydrocarboni iremereye idatandukanye mbere, cyangwa ngo itandukanywe nyuma yo gushonga, hydrocarboni iremereye ishobora gukonja no kuziba ibikoresho. Hydrocarboni iremereye ikurwaho igice hakoreshejwe sieve ya molekile n'ibindi bintu biyitera mu gihe cyo kubura amazi, naho ibindi bigatandukana hakoreshejwe cryogenic separation.
Kos: ishobora gutoseshwa n'amazi make cyane kugira ngo ikore H2S na CO2, bigatera ingese ku bikoresho. Biroroshye kuvanga na propane yabonetse. Akenshi ikurwa hamwe na H2S na CO2 mu gihe cyo gukuraho aside.
Heliyumu: gaze karemano niyo soko nyamukuru ya heliyumu kandi igomba gutandukanywa no gukoreshwa. Ifite agaciro gakomeye mu gukoresha uruhu rw'inyuma n'uruvange rw'ibice bito.
Azote: kwiyongera kw'ingano yayo bizatuma gushonga kwa gaze karemano bigorana. Uburyo bwa nyuma bwo gusohora ubusanzwe bukoreshwa mu gukuramo LNG mu buryo bwihariye.
Igice cy'ingenzi cya gaze karemano ni methane (CH4), kandi ubushyuhe bwayo busanzwe ni 111k (- 162 ℃).
Ubucucike bwa methane y'amazi ku rugero rusanzwe rwo kubira ni 426kg / m3, naho ubucucike bwa methane y'umwuka ku rugero rusanzwe ni 0.717kg / m3, itandukaniro rikaba inshuro zigera kuri 600. Itandukaniro rikomeye mu bunini niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yo kubika no gutwara gaze karemano idafite amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2021