50×10 byihariye⁴m³ / D uruganda rukora imyuka ihumanya

Intangiriro

Iyubakwa ry'umushinga 50 × 10⁴m³/ D umushinga wo gukwirakwiza gazi karemano hamwe n'ibikoresho biyifasha hamwe n'ikigega kimwe cyuzuye cya m3 LNG gifite ubushobozi bwa 10000. Ibice by'ingenzi bikoreshwa birimo gushyira umwuka mu gitutu, icyuma gikuraho karubone, icyuma gikuraho amazi, icyuma gikuraho mercure na hydrocarboni nini, icyuma gikuraho amazi, ububiko bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha, gushyira umwuka mu gitutu, ikigo cy'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi n'ibikoresho byo gupakira.

Uburyo bwo kuvura gaze karemano mbere yo kuyinywa bukora bute?

Umuyoboro w'amazi y'ibimera uza mu buryo bwa gaze binyuze mu muyoboro. Gaze karemano iva mu butaka irimo imyanda, amazi n'ibindi binyabutabire bifitanye isano, bityo mbere yuko amazi ashongeshwa, iyo gaze igomba kunyura mu nzira yo kuyitunganya kugira ngo ikuremo ibintu bidakenewe. Iyo gaze inyura mu miyoboro, mu byuma bikonjesha no mu miyoboro aho gaze itandukanyijwe n'amazi menshi n'imyanda.

Ubwa mbere, amazi n'ubushyuhe birakurwaho, hanyuma gukuraho umwuka wa aside (gaz de carbone, CO2), sulfide ya hydrogen (H2S) na mercure (Hg). Ibi bintu ntibikenewe, kuko bishobora gutera urubura mu gihe cyo gushonga no kwangirika mu miyoboro no mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe bya LNG. Imvange isigaye ikonjeshwa mbere, hanyuma ibindi bintu biremereye, biremereye, bigatandukanywa n'imvange mbere yuko gushonga bibaho. Hydrocarbons zikuweho zishobora kubikwa no kugurishwa ukwazo. Imvange isigaye igizwe ahanini na methane na ethane, ijyanwa mu gushonga.

Gazi karemano yo gushonga, izwi cyane nka LNG, irimo gukurura gaze karemano mu mazi binyuze mu gukonjesha gaze karemano yo mu mazi munsi y’igitutu gisanzwe kugeza kuri - 162 ℃. Gushonga gaze karemano bishobora kuzigama cyane umwanya wo kubika no gutwara, kandi bifite ibyiza byo kuba bifite agaciro ka karori nyinshi, imikorere myiza, bifasha mu kuringaniza imitwaro yo mu mijyi, bifasha mu kurengera ibidukikije, bigabanya ihumana ry’imijyi n’ibindi.

Gahunda y'ibikorwa ikubiyemo ahanini: ishami rigenzura umuvuduko w'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n'imashini ipima,ishami risukura gazi karemanon'icyuma gikoresha gazi karemano, uburyo bwo kubika ibyuma bikonjesha, uburyo bwo gukanda ibyuma bikonjesha, uburyo bwo kubika no gupakira ibyuma bikonjesha.

Gazi karemano ishongeshejwe (LNG) ni gaze karemano, ahanini igizwe na methane, yakonjeshejwe ikagera mu buryo bw'amazi kugira ngo yorohereze kandi igire umutekano mu kubika no gutwara. Ifata hafi 1/600 cy'ingano ya gaze karemano mu gihe cy'umwuka.

Dutanga inganda zitunganya gaze karemano mu buryo buciriritse (mini) no mu buryo buto. Ubushobozi bw'inganda bungana na toni 13 kugeza ku zirenga 200 ku munsi z'umusaruro wa LNG (18.000 kugeza 300.000 Nm).³/d).

Uruganda rwuzuye rukora LNG rugizwe na sisitemu eshatu: sisitemu yo gutunganya, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho n'isitemu y'ibikoresho. Dukurikije amasoko atandukanye y'umwuka, rushobora guhindurwa.

Dukurikije uko lisansi iboneka, dukoresha uburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse cyane kugira ngo duhuze n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ibikoresho bishyirwa ku rubura bituma gutwara no gushyiramo ibintu byoroshye.

1. Sisitemu y'imikorere

Gazi karemano ishyirwamo umuvuduko nyuma yo kuyungurura, gutandukanya, kugenzura umuvuduko no gupima, hanyuma ikinjira muri sisitemu yo gutunganya gaze karemano mbere yo kuyikuraho. Nyuma yo gukuraho CO2, gaze karemano ishyirwamo umuvuduko nyuma yo kuyiyungurura, kuyitandukanya, kuyigenzura no kuyipima, hanyuma ikajya mu buryo bwo kuyitunganya mbere yo kuyikuraho.₂, H₂S ,Hg, H₂O na hydrocarboni nyinshi, byinjira mu gasanduku gakonjesha ka liquefaction. Hanyuma bikonjeshwa mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe, bigahinduka nitrogen nyuma yo gukonjesha, hanyuma bigakonjeshwa, bigashyirwa ku gikoresho cya flash, hanyuma amaherezo, igice cy'amazi cyatandukanye cyinjira mu gikoresho cyo kubika LNG nk'ibicuruzwa bya LNG.

Imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'uruganda rwa LNG rufite skid ni iyi ikurikira:

Sisitemu y'imikorere y'uruganda rwa LNG rukora ibintu bidafite ubuziranenge ikubiyemo:

• ● Kuyungurura, gutandukanya gazi, kugenzura umuvuduko n'ibipimo by'ingufu;

• ● Ishami rishinzwe gushyira umwuka mu gifu

• ● Ishami rishinzwe kuvura mbere y'uko umuntu avurwa (harimogukuraho aside,umwumano gukuraho hydrocarbon nyinshi, gukuraho mercure n'umukungugu);

• ● Igice cyo gupima MR n'igice cyo gupima MR;

• ● Igice cyo gukamura amazi cya LNG (harimo n'igice cyo gukamura amazi);

1.1 Ibiranga sisitemu y'imikorere

1.1.1 Ishami rishinzwe gutunganya imyuka yo mu mazi mbere yo kuyisukura

Uburyo bwo gutunganya icyuma gitegura imyuka yo kugaburira bufite ibi bikurikira:

• ●Gukuraho aside hakoreshejwe umuti wa MDEAifite akamaro ko gusohora ifuro rito, kwangirika guke no gutakaza amine nke.

• ●Uburyo bwo kwinjiza molekile mu ruzigaikoreshwa mu kuvura amazi menshi, kandi iracyafite akarusho ko kuyungurura amazi menshi ndetse no mu gihe umwuka w'amazi uri hasi.

• ● Gukoresha karubone iterwa na sulfur mu gukuraho mercure birahendutse mu giciro. Mercure ihura na sulfur kuri karubone iterwa na sulfur mu gukuraho mercure mu gukora sulfide ya mercure, iyo sulfure ishyirwa kuri karubone ikoreshwa kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo gukuraho mercure.

• ● Ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora kuyungurura urusenda rw'ibinyabutabire n'umukungugu wa karuboni uri munsi ya 5μm.

1.1.2 Ishami rishinzwe gusohora amazi n'ubukonje

Uburyo bwatoranijwe bwo gukoresha icyuma gikonjesha no gukonjesha ni MRC (mixed refrigerant) cycle firigo, ikaba ari yo ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke. Ubu buryo bufite ingufu nke cyane mu zikoreshwa cyane mu gukonjesha, bigatuma igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa kirushaho kuzamuka ku isoko. Igice cyo gukonjesha icyuma gikonjesha gikora kidashingiye ku gice cyo gukonjesha gikoreshwa. Mu gihe cyo gukora, igice cyo gukonjesha gikora icyuma gikonjesha icyuma gikonjesha icyuma, kigakomeza gukora neza mu buryo buhoraho; Nyuma yuko icyuma gifunzwe, igice cyo gukonjesha gishobora kubika icyuma gikonjesha gitambitse mu gice cy'icyuma gikonjesha gitambitse kidashyizemo icyuma gikonjesha. Ibi ntibishobora gusa kuzigama icyuma gikonjesha, ahubwo binagabanya igihe gikurikiraho cyo gutangira.

Valve zose ziri mu gasanduku gakonjesha zirasuzumwa, kandi nta flange ihari mu gasanduku gakonjesha kugira ngo bigabanye aho amazi ashobora kuva mu gasanduku gakonjesha.

1.2 Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya buri Kigo

2. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho

Kugira ngo habeho gukurikirana neza inzira yo gukora ibikoresho byose, no kwemeza ko bikora neza kandi ko byoroshye kubikoresha no kubibungabunga, sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho ikubiyemo ahanini:

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikwirakwizwa (DCS)

Sisitemu y'ibikoresho by'umutekano (SIS)

Sisitemu yo Gupima Iby'Inkongi y'Umuriro n'Ibyuka Bidakora (FGS)

Televiziyo ifunganye (CCTV)

Sisitemu yo gusesengura

N'ibikoresho bigezweho (ibipima ubwiyongere bw'amazi, isesengura, thermometer, igipimo cy'umuvuduko) byujuje ibisabwa mu buryo bw'imikorere. Ubu buryo butanga imikorere myiza, gukora no gukurikirana, harimo kubona amakuru ajyanye n'imikorere, kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho, kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho, guhuza insinga no gutanga serivisi, gutunganya no kwerekana amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, serivisi igezweho, kwerekana amashusho, gutanga raporo y'ibikorwa n'indi mirimo. Iyo habaye ikibazo cyihutirwa mu gice cy'umusaruro cyangwa sisitemu ya FGS yohereza ikimenyetso cy'insinga, SIS yohereza ikimenyetso cy'insinga kugira ngo ikingire ibikoresho biri aho biri, kandi sisitemu ya FGS imenyesha ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro ryo mu gace ako kanya.

3. Sisitemu y'ibikorwa remezo

Ubu buryo bugizwe ahanini n'ibi bikurikira: igikoresho cy'umwuka, icyuma cya azote, icyuma gitwara amavuta ashyushye, icyuma cy'amazi yakuwemo umunyu n'icyuma gikonjesha amazi azenguruka.