20 Uruganda rutunganya gaze karemano n'uruganda rutunganya gaze karemano

Gutunganya gazi karemano ni ugukura umwuka w'amazi, sulfide ya hydrogen, mercaptan, na dioxyde de carbone muri gazi karemano. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo ishami rishinzwe kuvura amazi, ishami rikuraho sulfure, ishami rishinzwe gukuraho karuboni, na kugarura hydrocarbon yoroheje ishami.

Kubura amazi mu mubiri

Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu mazi ya gaze karemano burimo gushonga mu bushyuhe buke, gukurura amazi mu buryo bukomeye, gukurura amazi mu buryo bw’amazi, n’uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe.

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura molekile ni uburyo bwo gukura amazi mu kirere bukunze gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya ubushyuhe buke, nko kugarura umwuka uvanze n’amazi mu kirere (NGL) no mu gukora umwuka uvanze n’amazi mu kirere (LNG). Byongeye kandi, gukura amazi mu cyuma gikoresha molekile (molecular sieve) nabyo birakenewe mu gukora umwuka uvanze n’amazi ukoreshwa nk’amavuta mu modoka.

Itsinda Uburyo bwo kubura amazi mu mubiri bwa TEG ikwiriye ku byuka bikomoka ku mazi kandi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi ndetse n'ibisabwa kugabanya ibipimo by'amazi menshi.

Gukuraho CO2

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukuraho CO2 muri gaze karemano: uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibinyabutabire n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibinyabutabire.

Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukurura ibintu bishongesha ni igisubizo cya MDEA, kandi sisitemu igizwe ahanini n'umunara wo gukurura ibintu n'umunara wo kuvugurura ibintu.

Gukuraho karubone ya PSA ni ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo kunyuza umwuka, bushingiye cyane cyane ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kunyuza umwuka mu buryo bwo gushyushya, butuma habaho gutandukanya no gutunganya umwuka binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y'umuvuduko buri gihe.

Gukuraho sulfure

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukuraho gazi karemano: gukuraho gazi yumye n'ugukuraho gazi yumye.

Itsinda uburyo bwo gukora amine ikoreshwa iyo gazi karemano irimo H2S nke n'igipimo cya CO2/H2S kiri hejuru, ariko ingano ya CO2 ikaba idahagije cyane kandi ntisaba gukuraho CO2 yimbitse. Ubu buryo bushobora gukuraho H2S na CO2 icyarimwe neza.

Uburyo bwo kuyungurura bwa molekile bukunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba ubuziranenge bwo gusukura sulfuri cyangwa umuvuduko muto w'amazi.

Itsinda Uburyo bwa LO-CAT ikoresha umuti w'amazi ugizwe na sulfate, icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bunyuranye, inyongeramusaruro (surfactants, defoamers, na fungicides) mu gukuraho sulfate. Uburyo bwa Lo-Cat bukwiriye mu kuvura gazi ikomoka kuri aside itandukanyijwe n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza imiti cyangwa physique. Bitewe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya, ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, guhitamo neza, no kubungabunga ibidukikije, yabaye ikoranabuhanga rikunzwe cyane mu bikorwa bito byo kugarura sulfate.

Gukuraho Mercaptan

Gukuraho gaze karemano ya mercaptan muri rusange bikoresha uburyo bwa sulfinol hamwe n'uburyo bwa hydrodesulfurization bwo gukuraho mercaptan.

Uburyo bwa sulfinol bufite ibyiza byo gukoresha ingufu nke, gukuraho sulfure y’umwimerere, ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutunganya ibikoresho, kwangirika koroheje, ifuro rike, no kwangirika k’urumuri rw’umushongi. Burakwiriye cyane cyane iyo igitutu cy’igice cy’imyuka ihumanya ikirere kiri hejuru. Ubu buryo ntibushobora gutuma sulfure ikoreshwa cyane kandi bukunze gukoreshwa mu gukuraho sulfure y’umwimerere. Bugomba gukoreshwa hamwe n’ubundi buryo.

Uburyo bwo gukuraho mercaptan hakoreshejwe hydrodesulfurization bubanza guhindura sulfure y’umwimerere mo sulfure idafite umwimerere, hanyuma bugatandukanya sulfure idafite umwimerere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyishyiramo.

Kugarura hydrocarbon yoroheje

Gusubiza hydrocarbon yoroheje bivuga inzira yo gusubiza ibice biremereye bya gazi karemano, nka methane cyangwa ethane, mu buryo bw'amazi. Muri byo, imvange ya propane butane ihinduka gazi ya peteroli (LPG), naho pentane n'ibiyigize biyivugwamo bihinduka amavuta yoroheje. Gusubiza hydrocarbon yoroheje muri rusange bikoresha gukonjesha propane n'ibivanze kugira ngo bigere ku mikorere itandukanye yo gusubiza gazi.