Igikoresho cyo gukuramo helium muri gaze karemano

Kugeza ubu, inzira zo gukuramo helium muri gaze karemano zirimo ahanini uburyo bwo gukurura helium, uburyo bwo kuyungurura, uburyo bwo gutandukanya membrane, cyangwa uburyo bubiri cyangwa butatu muri butatu. Ubuziranenge bwa helium mu gukuramo helium bushobora kugera kuri 99.9999%.

(1) Uburyo bwa Cryogenic

Uburyo bwo gusya gazi bukoreshwa mu gusya gazi karemano ni uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi za helium zikoresha gazi karemano ziciriritse kugeza ku nini. Ihame ni ugukoresha azote y'amazi nk'icyuma gikonjesha (hafi -190 ℃) kugira ngo buhoro buhoro hydrocarbons n'ibindi bice bigize gazi karemano bihuzwe. Bitewe n'aho helium ishyuha cyane, amaherezo itandukana n'ibindi bice biri muri gazi karemano. Ubu buryo busanzwe mu gusohora helium.

(2) Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Igitutu cyo Kuzunguruka

Uburyo bwo kunyuza umwuka mu buryo bwa "pressure swing adsorption" (PSA) bukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kunyuza umwuka mu bindi bice bitari helium muri gaze karemano, bityo bigatandukanya ibicuruzwa bya helium. Muri rusange, iminara yo kunyuza umwuka muri PSA ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kunyuza umwuka mu buryo bwa "adsorption" kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu buryo butandukanye n’ibice bitandukanye muri gaze karemano, nka silica gel cyangwa alumina beds zo gukuraho amazi, beds za karuboni zikoreshwa mu gukuraho gaze karuboni, beds za zeolite zo gukuraho methane na azote, n'ibindi. Nyuma y'uko adsorbent yuzuye gaze y'imyanda, uburyo nko kunyuza umwuka mu buryo bwa "depressurization blowback" cyangwa "vacuum pumping" bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho gaze y'imyanda no gusubizaho imikorere y'adsorbent.

(3) Uburyo bwo gutandukanya uturemangingo

Uruvange rw'imyuka rutandukanye ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutandukanya. Ibice bya gazi binyuzwa mu buryo bunini kuri firime za polymer (nk'iminyururu ya acetate, polipropylene, poli-sulfone, poliimide, nibindi) hashingiwe ku ihame ryo gukwirakwiza imyuka. Gutandukanya buri gice bigerwaho hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gushonga no gukwirakwiza ibice bitandukanye bya gazi mu bikoresho bya membrane. Iyo uruvange rw'imyuka ibiri cyangwa myinshi runyuze muri firime ya polymer, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu bice nka heliyumu na hydrogen kiri hejuru cyane kuruta icya azote, methane, n'ibindi bya hydrocarbon.

Heliyumu ntishobora gukorwa mu nganda, ishobora gusukurwa gusa. Mu bushakashatsi bwa fiziki, ishobora kuboneka binyuze mu kwangirika kwa atome, ariko mu rugero ruto cyane. Mu by’ukuri, ishobora gukurwa mu kirere, ariko bitewe n’uko heliyumu ari nkeya mu kirere, heliyumu ishobora kuboneka muri gaze karemano irimo hafi 0.5% bya heliyumu mu nganda binyuze mu gutandukanya, gutunganya no gutunganya ibikoresho bikuramo heliyumu.