ʻO ka ʻōpala hoʻokaʻawale helium no ka unuhi ʻana i ka helium mai ke kinoea kūlohelohe
kikoʻī huahana
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā kaʻina hana no ka unuhi ʻana o ka helium mai ke kinoea kūlohelohe e komo pū me ke ʻano cryogenic, ke ʻano adsorption, ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale membrane, a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o nā ʻano ʻekolu. Hiki i ka maʻemaʻe helium huahana no ka Helium extraction skid ke hoʻokō i 99.9999%
(1) Ke ʻano hana Cryogenic
ʻO ka distillation cryogenic kahi ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā hale hana helium hoʻōla kinoea kūlohelohe waena a nui. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka naikokene wai ma ke ʻano he refrigerant (ma kahi o -190 ℃) e hoʻopili mālie i nā hydrocarbons a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ke kiko paila haʻahaʻa loa o ka helium, ua hoʻokaʻawale hope ʻia ia mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe. He ʻano hana maʻamau kēia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale helium.
(2) Ke ʻano hoʻopili ʻana o ke kaomi
Hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana adsorption swing pressure (PSA) i nā adsorbents like ʻole e adsorb i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka helium i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe, no laila e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā huahana helium. Ma keʻano laulā, ua lako nā hale kiaʻi adsorption PSA me nā moena hoʻokaʻawale o nā mea adsorption like ʻole e hana me nā ʻāpana like ʻole i loko o ke kinoea kūlohelohe, e like me ka silica gel a i ʻole nā moena alumina no ka wehe ʻana i ka wai, nā moena kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ke kalapona dioxide, nā moena zeolite no ka wehe ʻana i ka methane a me ka nitrogen, a pēlā aku. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana o ka adsorbent i ke kinoea haumia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana e like me ka depressurization blowback a i ʻole ka vacuum pumping e wehe i ke kinoea haumia a hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o ka adsorbent.
(3) Ke ʻAno Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka Membrane
He ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale hou ka membrane hoʻokaʻawale kinoea. Hoʻoili nui ʻia nā ʻāpana kinoea ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer (e like me nā fibers acetate, polypropylene, poly-sulfone, polyimide, a pēlā aku) ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻolaha hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e like me nā ʻano solubility like ʻole a me nā helu hoʻolaha o nā ʻāpana kinoea like ʻole i loko o ka mea membrane. Ke hele ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā hui kinoea ma o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu permeation o nā ʻāpana e like me ka helium a me ka hydrogen ma mua o ka nitrogen, methane, a me nā hydrocarbons ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka helium i loko o ka ʻoihana, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale ʻia. I nā hoʻokolohua physics, hiki ke loaʻa ma o ka palaho atomika, akā i nā nui liʻiliʻi loa. Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki ke unuhi ʻia mai ka lewa, akā ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka helium i loko o ka lewa, hiki ke loaʻa ka helium mai ke kinoea kūlohelohe e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 0.5% helium i loko o ka ʻoihana ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea hana unuhi helium.