Chidzitiro chekubvisa helium kubva mugasi rechisikigo

Parizvino, maitiro ekubvisa helium kubva mugasi rechisikigo anosanganisira nzira ye cryogenic, nzira ye adsorption, nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane, kana musanganiswa wenzira mbiri kana nhatu dzetatu. Kuchena kwechigadzirwa chehelium chekubvisa helium skid kunogona kusvika 99.9999%.

(1) Nzira yeCryogenic

Kunyungudutsa kwemvura inoyerera (cryogenic distillation) inzira inowanzoshandiswa mumiti yehelium inounganidza gasi repakati nepakati kusvika guru. Chinangwa ndechekushandisa nitrogen yemvura semuchina wekutonhodza (inenge -190 ℃) kuti isanganise zvishoma nezvishoma mahydrocarbon nezvimwe zvikamu mugasi rechisikigo. Nekuda kwenzvimbo shoma yekufashaira yehelium, inozopedzisira yaparadzaniswa nezvimwe zvikamu mugasi rechisikigo. Iyi inzira yakajairika mukubvisa helium.

(2) Nzira yeKudzvanya Kudzvanya

Maitiro ekushandisa pressure swing adsorption (PSA) anoshandisa ma adsorbents akasiyana kuti anyure zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri zve helium mugasi rechisikigo, nokudaro achiparadzanisa zvigadzirwa zve helium. Kazhinji, ma PSA adsorption towers ane ma separation beds emhando dzakasiyana dze adsorption kuti ashande nezvinhu zvakasiyana mugasi rechisikigo, zvakaita se silica gel kana alumina beds yekubvisa mvura, activated carbon beds yekubvisa carbon dioxide, zeolite beds yekubvisa methane ne nitrogen, nezvimwewo. Mushure mekunge adsorbent yazadza uncleaning gas, nzira dzakadai se depressurization blowback kana vacuum pumping dzinogona kushandiswa kubvisa uncleaning gas uye kudzoreredza basa re adsorbent.

(3) Nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane

Kamudzira kekuparadzanisa gasi itekinoroji itsva yekuparadzanisa. Zvikamu zvegasi zvinofambiswa nemazhinji pamafirimu epolymer (akadai seacetate fibers, polypropylene, poly-sulfone, polyimide, nezvimwewo) zvichibva papfungwa yekupararira kwekunyungudika. Kuparadzaniswa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kunowanikwa zvichienderana nekunyungudika kwakasiyana uye mwero wekupararira kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvegasi muzvinhu zvemembrane. Kana misanganiswa miviri kana kupfuura yegasi inopfuura nepafirimu repolymer, mwero wekupindira kwezvikamu zvakaita sehelium nehydrogen wakakwira zvikuru kupfuura wenitrogen, methane, nezvimwe zvinonyungudika.

Helium haigone kugadzirwa muindasitiri, inogona kucheneswa chete. Mukuyedza kwefizikisi, inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuora kweatomu, asi muhuwandu hushoma kwazvo. Mudzidziso, inogona kutorwa kubva mumhepo, asi nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hwehelium mumhepo, helium inogona kuwanikwa kubva mugasi rechisikigo rine inenge 0.5% helium muindasitiri kuburikidza nekuparadzanisa, kunatswa, uye kucheneswa kwemidziyo yekuburitsa helium.